Analyzing and Managing Extreme Risks in Insurance and Finance

极端风险来自罕见事件带来的灾难性经济和社会后果；例如，2008年的金融危机直接导致了2008 - 2012年的全球经济衰退，以及2016年的麦克默里堡野火，这是加拿大历史上损失最大的灾难。这些在统计数据中产生异常值的人为或自然灾害，都对金融市场和（再）保险业产生了重大影响。由于这些灾难性的后果，一个运作良好的风险管理系统至关重要。

Extreme risks come from rare events accompanied by disastrous economic and social consequences; for example, the 2008 financial crisis, which directly led to the 2008 – 2012 global recession, and the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire, which is the costliest disaster in Canadian history. These man-made or natural catastrophes, which produce outliers in statistical data, all substantially affect the financial markets and (re)insurance industry. Due to these disastrous consequences, a well-functioning risk management system is of crucial importance.