Blast load effects and retrofit options for reinforced concrete columns

9·11恐怖袭击和加拿大被挫败的恐怖行动(多伦多18号)大大提高了人们对加拿大可能发生恐怖袭击的认识。现在，联邦政府部门和“标志性”建筑的所有者比以往任何时候都更想了解他们的基础设施对恐怖行动的脆弱性，以及如何才能提高这些建筑及其居住者的生存能力。尽管已经采取了许多努力来限制非法使用爆炸材料，并将物理安全纳入建筑建设和升级，但加拿大几乎没有采取什么行动来调查基础设施对爆炸加载的反应。到目前为止，现有的大多数研究资料都来自冷战时代，针对的是军用基础设施。然而，今天，城市地区的意外爆炸和恐怖袭击主要影响到为美观、轻便和经济而建造的民用基础设施，因此缺乏对爆炸荷载的抵抗力。拟议的研究计划结合实弹测试、计算流体力学和有限元建模技术的优点，研究爆炸荷载对钢筋混凝土柱的影响。将研究钢筋混凝土柱上的隔离和接触炸药装药效应，并研究具有成本效益的改装设计方法，以减轻与爆炸相关的危险。数值模拟将帮助进行详细的参数分析，以确定影响RC柱对爆炸荷载响应的参数的影响。拟议的研究计划将培训5名研究生，领域包括爆炸荷载效应、极端荷载下的结构反应、高应变率下的材料反应以及爆炸荷载下的基础结构设计和分析。该研究计划还将为设计师和研究人员提供新的新工具，以设计具有成本效益的关键基础设施，以无故障地抵抗爆炸载荷。

The terrorist attacks of September 11 and the foiled terrorist action ("Toronto 18") in Canada have drastically increased awareness of the possibility of terrorists attack in Canada. Now more than ever, Federal Government departments and owners of "iconic" structures are seeking to understand the vulnerabilities of their infrastructures to terrorist action and what can be done to increase the survivability of these structures and their occupants.Whereas a number of efforts have been made to limit access to explosive materials for illegitimate use and to incorporate physical security into building construction and upgrades, little has been done in Canada toinvestigate the response of infrastructure to blast loading. Most of the research information available to date is from the cold-war era and was targeted at military-type infrastructures. Today, however, accidental explosions and terrorist attacks in urban areas primarily affect civilian infrastructure that was built for aesthetics, lightweight, and economy and thus lack resistance against blast loading.The proposed research program combines the benefits of live explosive testing and computational fluid dynamics and finite element modelling techniques to investigate the effects of blast loading on the reinforced concrete (RC) columns. Both stand-off and contact explosive charge effects on RC columns will be studied and cost effective retrofit design methods investigated to mitigate the hazards associated explosions. The numerical modeling will assist in detailed parametric analyses to establish the effects of parameters influencing the response RC columns to blast loading.The proposed research program will train 5 graduate students in the areas of blast load effects, structuralresponse under extreme loading, material response under high-strain rates, and design and analysis ofinfrastructures under blast loading. The research program will also offer designers and researchers new and novel tools to design cost effective critical infrastructures to resist blast loading without failure.