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Sensory Impairments, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: What Explains the Association?

感觉障碍、认知衰退和痴呆：如何解释这种关联？

基本信息

批准号：
10814675
负责人：
Willa Domino Brenowitz
金额：
$ 13.04万
依托单位：
KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-04-01 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10814675
关键词：
Acceleration Adopted Adult Affect Aging Alzheimer&apos s Disease Alzheimer&apos s disease related dementia Alzheimer&apos s disease risk Autopsy Biological Biometry Black Populations Body Composition Brain Brain Pathology Cardiovascular Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders Clinical Cognitive Complement Complex Data Databases Dementia Elderly Epidemiologist Epidemiology Foundations Genetic Genetic Risk Goals Grant Health Hearing Impaired cognition Impairment Intervention K-Series Research Career Programs Laboratories Link Measurement Measures Mediating Mediator Mendelian randomization Mental Depression Mentors Mentorship Methods Nature Nerve Degeneration Outcome Participant Pathway interactions Physical activity Population Presbycusis Psychosocial Factor Quality of life Research Research Personnel Risk Factors Role Sensory Social isolation Structure Training Training Activity Treatment/Psychosocial Effects Vision Visual impairment Work age related aged aging brain biobank cerebrovascular pathology clinical predictors cognitive function cognitive load cognitive testing cohort comorbidity cost effective dementia risk effective therapy hearing impairment improved innovation insight modifiable risk multidisciplinary multiple datasets neuropathology normal aging novel novel strategies physical inactivity population based pre-clinical prevent programs psychosocial psychosocial wellbeing sex skills study population tool

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Given the lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), identification of modifiable risk factors is critical. Sensory impairments may affect over 50% of adults aged 65 years and older and have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). However, the nature of this association in diverse aging populations is not well understood. Furthermore, the underlying pathways and mechanisms for why hearing and visual impairments predict dementia are unclear. Hearing and visual impairments are hypothesized to 1.) directly impact brain structure and function to accelerate cognitive decline, 2.) indirectly influence cognitive decline due to links to other dementia risk factors such as psychosocial factors, or 3.) represent underlying neurodegeneration or cardiovascular disease. The scientific goal of this study is to adopt a systematic approach to evaluate the role of hearing and visual impairments in cognitive decline and risk of dementia as well as to identify mechanisms that explain the relationship. This project focuses on hearing and visual impairments as these have the greatest effect on quality of life and high potential for treatment or correction. In a feasible and cost-effective approach, this project will leverage three existing and complementary studies of aging that have measures of sensory and cognitive function: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study, a 15-year population-based cohort of 3,075 black and white adults in the U.S; the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, a database of US Alzheimer’s Disease Center participants including autopsy findings; and The UK Biobank, a study of 500,000 UK adults with clinical and genetic data. Innovative and rigorous epidemiologic approaches will be applied to conduct 1.) a study of diverse older adults using objective measures of hearing and visual impairments and 2.) a Mendelian Randomization analysis, a novel approach to enhance causal inference, as well as studies to determine whether associations are explained by 3.) underlying neuropathologic mechanisms or by 4.) psychosocial mediators. The research plan in this mentored career development award is complemented by training activities that build on the candidate’s background in epidemiology and provides new training in a.) clinical dementia assessment, b.) advanced casual inference methods, and c.) age-related hearing and visual impairments. Together the candidate’s research aims, training activities, and guidance from a multidisciplinary mentorship team will allow the candidate to develop a successful independent research program examining the relationship between sensory impairments and ADRD. The current research plan is expected to provide critical insight into what factors and mechanisms can explain the associations between sensory impairment and ADRD. These findings will inform whether sensory impairments or their downstream psychosocial effects can be used as targets for intervention to prevent dementia, or whether sensory impairments can be used as clinical predictors for identifying preclinical AD or cerebrovascular disease.

项目总结