A Physical demand-driven design system in modular construction

建筑在本质上主要是体力活动，活动通常在不舒服的环境中进行，并且速度很快。在建设中，传统的理论和实践主要集中在改进项目管理（PM），以协助项目计划和控制，以提高生产力。这往往忽视了项目生命周期中生产任务的生理需求——这些任务可能超出工人的生理能力。这一问题导致建筑工人患与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WRMSDs）的风险比其他行业的工人高出约50%。wrmsd约占建筑行业非致命伤害的34%，导致每人每年离开工作岗位的中位数为8天，而建筑行业所有非致命伤害和疾病病例的中位数为6天。考虑到上游的起源，通过适当的设计变更，可以减少60%的施工事故。在这方面，物理需求驱动的设计模型和工具的发展可以促进生产力和安全性的提高，其结果是减少运动（非增值活动）和风险（由于工人执行的尴尬活动）的浪费。

Construction is predominantly physical in nature, with activities typically executed in uncomfortable environments and at a fast pace. In construction, traditional theories and practices focus mainly on improving Project Management (PM) to assist in project planning and control for productivity improvement. This tends to overlook the physical demands of production tasks during the lifecycle of a project—tasks which can exceed the physiological capability of the worker. This issue results in construction workers being exposed to an approximately 50% higher risk of suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) than workers in other industries. WRMSDs account for approximately 34% of nonfatal injuries in the construction industry, resulting in a median of 8 days per person per year away from work, compared with 6 days for all nonfatal injury and illness cases in the construction industry. By considering their origin upstream, construction accidents can be reduced by 60% through appropriate design changes. In this respect, the development of physical demand-driven design models and tools can contribute to productivity and safety improvement, with the result of reducing waste of motions (non-value-adding activities) and risk (due to awkward activities performed by the workers).