Development of planning and estimating scaffolding system using BIM paradigm

工业建筑项目（例如，炼油厂）依靠模块化的建造过程，这是环保的，提供短的完成时间，并使用具有成本竞争力的技术。PCL**Industrial Management Inc.作为重工业项目的总承包商，采用模块化**施工方式，在现场外的预制设施生产管道架模块，并将其运送到**施工现场进行安装。在这方面，管理团队主要致力于通过规划有效的操作和流程来缩短预制过程的周期时间，并设计更好的物流（即起重机升降研究和运输物流），其中通过精心规划可以消除多达20%的操作。然而，之前的研究和公司实践并没有给予脚手架系统（占直接工作总工时的30-40%）**关注，尽管在预制和施工现场提供临时高架平台以方便工人的工作和材料的移动是必不可少的**。在这方面，在施工项目的整个生命周期内对脚手架**进行有效的规划和估算，可以显著提高项目生产率和安全性，**并降低项目成本。因此，我们建议采用一种方法，其中包括以下程序：(i)研究现有的脚手架工艺和重工业项目的要求；（ii）根据确定脚手架的位置和相关的特定行业、使用脚手架所花费的工时和任务时间以及所使用脚手架的重量/体积，开发数据库结构和成本计量；（iii）将BIM与数据可视化相结合，了解和监控与项目进度相对应的**施工现场脚手架工作的使用情况。建议的研究结果将用于**制定更准确的脚手架计划和评估，以提高**未来的工业项目的项目生产率和安全性。

Industrial construction projects (e.g., oil refineries) rely on a modular construction process which is**environmentally-friendly, provides a short completion time, and uses cost-competitive technology. PCL**Industrial Management Inc., as a general contractor in heavy industrial projects, has taken up a modular**construction approach to produce piperack modules at an offsite prefabrication facility and deliver them to the**construction site for installation. In this respect, the management team has mainly focused on reducing the**cycle time of the prefabrication process and designing better logistics (i.e., crane lift studies and transportation**logistics) by planning efficient operations and processes, where as much as 20% of operations can be**eliminated through careful planning. However, previous research and company practice have not given**attention to the scaffolding system (30-40% of the total man-hours of direct work), even though it is essential**on both prefabrication and construction sites to provide temporary elevated platforms to facilitate the work of**labourers and the movement of materials. In this respect, the effective planning and estimating of scaffolding**throughout the life cycle of the construction project can improve significantly project productivity and safety,**and reduce project cost. We thus propose a method which involves the following procedures: (i) study of the**existing scaffolding process and the requirements for heavy industrial projects; (ii) development of a database**structure and cost metrics based on identifying the locations of scaffolds and associated specific trades,**man-hours and task times spent using scaffolds, and weights/volumes of the scaffolds used; and (iii) integration**of BIM with data visualization in order to understand and monitor the utilization of the scaffolding work on the**construction site corresponding to the project progress. The results of the proposed research will be used to**develop more accurate scaffolding planning and estimation for project productivity and safety improvement in**future industrial projects.