Fundamentals and applications of thermochemical conversion processes for emerging energy recovery technologies: novel materials, processing, and capture

拟议的研究计划将提供一种减少温室气体(GHG)排放的新方法。工业中捕获二氧化碳(CO2)的常见方法之一是用胺类溶剂进行湿法洗涤。然而，这会导致热力效率的严重损失，而且不太可能大规模具有成本效益。因此，最近人们对用于捕获二氧化碳的干法过程有相当大的兴趣。这项研究的独特之处在于它强调将用于捕获二氧化碳的新材料与气化相结合。研究方案以三个相互关联的主题及其相应的目标为基础。第一个主题-新材料-的主要目标是制造可以取代石灰石及其衍生物的新固体材料，石灰石及其衍生物是在高温下捕获二氧化碳的最低成本和最丰富的吸附剂。这些脱硫剂的主要缺点是在大量的碳化/焙烧循环中二氧化碳捕集能力迅速下降。本提案中的工程材料将在不同的操作条件下进行测试，从而实现第二个主题的主要目标--综合气化和二氧化碳捕获工艺。将在反应器中进行各种实验，以研究从碳化/焙烧到气化的反应动力学。为了用工程合成脱硫剂取代钙基材料用于商业化，需要进行详细的经济分析，以确定脱硫剂的成本和效率之间的经济权衡，从而确保经济上可行的气化和二氧化碳捕获过程。在专题1和专题2的研究中获得的知识将为专题3的主要目标提供必要的信息，该目标是为了制定一个能够评估该进程的经济情况的全面和灵活的模式。这项拟议的研究将在几个方面使加拿大受益：社会经济、能源和环境。该提案的核心是为19名总部高级管理人员提供不同级别的高级培训。

The proposed research program will offer a novel approach to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One of the common means of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) in industry involves wet scrubbing with amine solvents. However, this causes a serious loss in thermodynamic efficiency and is unlikely to be cost-effective on a large scale. As a result, there has recently been considerable interest in dry processes for the capture of CO2. The unique aspect of this research is its emphasis on the integration of new materials for the capture of CO2 with gasification. The research program is based on three interrelated themes and their corresponding objectives. The main objective of the first theme - novel materials - is the fabrication of new solid materials that can replace limestone and its derivatives, which are the least costly and most abundant sorbents for the capture of CO2 at high temperatures. The major shortcoming of these sorbents is the rapid decrease of the CO2-capturing capacity over a large number of carbonation/calcination cycles. The engineered materials in this proposal will be tested under various operating conditions, leading to the main objective of the second theme - Integrated Gasification and CO2-Capture Processes. Various experiments will be conducted in a reactor to study the kinetics of the reactions ranging from carbonation/calcination to gasification. In order to replace calcium-based materials with engineered synthetic sorbents for commercialization, a detailed economic analysis is needed to determine the economic trade-off between the cost and the efficiency of sorbents, thereby ensuring a financially viable gasification and CO2-capture process. The knowledge obtained in the research of themes 1 and 2 will provide essential information for the main objective of theme 3, which is for the development of a comprehensive and flexible model capable of assessing the economics of the process. The proposed research will benefit Canada on several fronts: socio-economic, energy, and environment. The proposal, at its core, is designed to provide advanced training for 19 HQP at different levels.