Novel Integrated Solar Energy Systems for Multigeneration

在最近于巴黎举行的气候变化会议上，可再生能源解决方案被确定为通过减少二氧化碳排放来对抗全球变暖的关键目标。正因为如此，为直接应用开发可再生能源技术，特别是利用太阳能，已经做出了更大的努力，一些欧洲和北美国家已经提出了它们的可再生能源组合路线图。虽然全球问题主要集中在能源、环境和经济问题上，但迫切需要制定可持续能源解决方案，以解决更好的设计和分析、效率、成本效益、资源利用、环境和能源安全问题。这项研究旨在实现这些目标，并开发具有有效蓄热选项的新型集成太阳能系统，用于多发电目的。研究分为四个阶段。第一阶段的重点是利用不同能源的新型综合多发电系统的概念开发和设计及其与太阳能的混合。这些系统提供各种有价值的产出，例如电力、空间供暖、水加热、蒸汽、水冷却、空调、氢气、海水淡化(淡水和盐)和合成燃料(氨、甲醇、乙醇等)。另一个重要方面是，在使用太阳能等可再生能源的情况下，将纳入综合多发电系统的新型储热选择，以抵消需求和供应之间的不匹配。第二阶段涉及多联产系统中可能遇到的过程的模拟和分析，包括微观和宏观一级和多维模拟；热力学(能量和耗能)、流体流动、化学、热化学、催化和非催化、电化学、光化学、热和传质分析(根据过程的不同，以稳态和非稳态形式)。第三阶段涉及对拟议系统(例如热机系统)及其热部件的各种设计进行实验室规模的实验和概念验证测试。同时，通过概念验证测试，对这些多代系统的关键流程进行了较为详细的研究。第四阶段涉及多目标优化和性能评估(通过能源和(火用)效率以及其他性能指标)，以及改进开发和测试的多联产系统。这是基于最小化(火用)破坏、成本和环境影响、提高效率和可持续性等多目标标准进行的。通过成本参数、指标、影响标准和生命周期影响类别来研究经济、环境、生态和可持续性能。

IIn the most recent Climate Change Conference in Paris, renewable energy solutions have been identified as a critical target to combat the global warming by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Due to this, there have been even more aggressive efforts to develop renewable energy technologies for immediate applications, especially with solar energy, and several European and North American Countries have put their road maps forward for renewable energy portfolios. While global issues primarily focuses on energetic, environmental and economic concerns, there is a strong need to develop sustainable energy solutions to address better design and analysis, efficiency, cost effectiveness, resources use, environment and energy security. This research aims to achieve these targets and develop novel integrated solar energy-based systems with effective heat storage options for multigeneration purposes. The research consists of four phases. The first phase focuses on the conceptual development and design of novel integrated multigeneration systems using diverse energy sources and their hybridization with solar energy. The systems provides various valuable outputs, e.g., electricity, space heating, water heating, steam, water cooling, air conditioning, hydrogen, desalination (fresh water and salt) and synthetic fuels (ammonia, methanol, ethanol, etc.). Another important aspect is the novel heat storage options as to be incorporated into the integrated multigeneration systems to offset the mismatch between demand and supply where renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are used. The second phase deals with the modeling and analyses of processes that can be encountered in multigeneration systems, covering micro- and macro-level and multi-dimensional modeling; and thermodynamic (energetically and exergetically), fluid flow, chemical, thermochemical, catalytic and non-catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, heat and mass transfer analyses (in both steady and unsteady forms depending on the process). The third phase involves lab-scale experiments and proof of concept testing on various designs of proposed systems (e.g., heat engine systems) and their thermal components. Also, key processes of these multigeneration systems are studied in more detail through proof of concept testing. The fourth phase deals with multi-objective optimization and performance assessment (through energy and exergy efficiencies, and other performance metrics), as well as improvement of the multigeneration systems developed and tested. This is done based on multi-objective criteria including minimization of exergy destructions, costs and environmental impact, and increasing efficiency and sustainability, etc. Economic, environmental, ecological and sustainability performances are studied through cost parameters, indexes, impact criteria and life cycle impact categories.