A predictive multiscale numerical framework for emulsion flow

制药、化妆品和食品行业已经做出了大量的努力来创造稳定的液-液乳剂，以满足客户对其产品的独特特性（例如，生物利用度、质地和味道）。与此同时，油砂行业一直致力于开发有效的方法来分离剩余的沥青和水，以减少尾矿池的积累，这对阿萨巴斯卡河流域的每个人都有负面影响。每个行业面临的共同挑战是对两种不混溶液体相互作用的复杂性理解不足，这导致液滴的形成和消失。液滴大小的分布，作为液体性质和流动条件的函数，定义了乳液的特性，包括其稳定性、粘度和流变性。为了控制乳液产品的性能，对液滴大小分布进行可靠的预测是必不可少的。

The pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries have undertaken substantial efforts to create stable liquid-liquid emulsions that satisfy customers with the unique properties of their products (e.g., bioavailability, texture, and taste). At the same time, the oil sands industry has worked to develop efficient methods to separate leftover bitumen and water as a way of reducing the accumulation of tailings ponds, which have a negative impact on everyone in the Athabasca River watershed. The common challenge for each industry is insufficient understanding of the complex nature of the interaction of two immiscible liquids, which leads to the formation and annihilation of drops. The distribution of drop sizes, as a function of liquid properties and flow conditions, defines the emulsion characteristics, including its stability, viscosity, and rheology. To control the properties of the emulsion product, a reliable prediction of the drop size distribution is essential.