Three Hinge Buckling Experimental Study

1989年9月，位于安大略省金斯顿的伍兹砂和砾石采石场发生屈曲（"弹出"）故障。这导致采石场被洪水淹没，并对当地地下水条件产生重大影响（例如，邻近的威尔斯井干涸）。屈曲破坏通常出现在安大略南部和美国中西部，通常是突然发展，几乎没有警告，由高水平原位应力驱动的坚硬，层状，近地表岩石。因此，安大略环境和气候变化部（OMECC）要求根据基本工程原则和现场具体条件，对未来采石场开发的岩石缓冲层厚度（采石场地面和地下含水层之间的间隔）进行量化评估。弹塑性屈曲，又称三铰屈曲，是层状岩板中一个中心铰和两个支座铰共同形成的屈曲形式。虽然许多作者在岩石力学屈曲行为的研究方面取得了进展，但仍有几个关键问题没有解决。在加拿大和美国的其他司法管辖区，可能会出现这种许可要求或类似要求。鉴于Dexter的既定目标是在国内和国际上扩大其商业利益，因此，更好地了解这一具有挑战性的问题将有助于抵消现有采石场运营的潜在风险和其他司法管辖区未来采石场的发展机会。为了积极主动地解决这个问题，Dexter正在启动一个研究项目，以更好地了解与三个铰链屈曲相关的机制，并正在与Corkum博士的实验室合作，以帮助进行必要的背景研究。这项拟议的研究计划将涉及一个实验室实验计划，由数值建模（不连续）支持，以研究THB的屈曲机制。此外，将进行现场测绘，以量化新斯科舍省采石场的岩土结构条件，以支持将实验室和数值结果转化为实际现场条件。结果将有实际的，直接适用的影响德克斯特，加拿大矿业，监管

In September 1989, a buckling ("pop-up") failure occurred at Woods Sand and Gravel Quarry in Kingston, ON.This resulted in flooding of the quarry and significant impact on the local groundwater conditions (e.g.neighbouring wells went dry). Buckling failures have commonly arisen in southern Ontario and themid-western U.S. and typically develop suddenly, with little warning, driven by high horizontal in situ stressesin the stiff, laminated, near-surface rock. As a result, the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change(OMECC) has requested quantifiable assessment of rock buffer thickness (the separation between quarry floorand underlying aquifer) for future quarry development on the basis of fundamental engineering principles andsite-specific conditions. Pop-up buckling, also referred to as three hinge buckling (THB), tends to occurviolently in laminated rock slabs where a central hinge and two abutment hinges are formed. Although manyauthors have made progress in the study of buckling behaviour in rock mechanics, several key issues remainunresolved. There is potential that this licensing requirement, or similar, will arise in other Canadian and U.S.jurisdictions. Given Dexter's stated objective of extending their business interests nationally andinternationally, obtaining a greater understanding of this challenging issue will help to both offset potentialrisks to existing quarry operations and future quarry development opportunities in other jurisdictions. In orderto proactively address this issue, Dexter is initiating a research project to better understand the mechanisms andrisk factors associated with three hinge buckling, and is engaging Dr. Corkum's lab to help conduct thenecessary background research. This proposed research program will involve a laboratory experimentalprogram, supported by numerical modelling (discontinuum), to investigate the THB buckling mechanism. Inaddition, field mapping to quantify geotechnical structural conditions for a quarry in Nova Scotia will beconducted to support translating the laboratory and numerical findings to actual field conditions. The resultswill have practical, directly applicable implications for Dexter, the Canadian mining industry, regulatory