Evaluation of Glycine betaine, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and mycorrhizal inoculants on drought stress in urban trees

高移植后的树木死亡率是一个重要的限制，努力提高树木覆盖率在加拿大城市，一个导致在市政当局和树木所有者的巨大成本。Lallemand Plant Care已经开发了几种产品，可以增强农作物的植物抗逆性，其中两种产品可能在城市林业中有重要的应用，因为它们可以缓解干旱胁迫; Bluestim（甘氨酸甜菜碱）和Rhizocell（解淀粉芽孢杆菌IT-45）接种剂。单独而言，一种植物可以刺激根系生长，提高养分吸收，而另一种植物可以在环境胁迫（即高温或低温、水分胁迫、盐碱土）下增强光合作用的正常功能，以及水分和养分的转运，这些都是城市环境中新种植的树木通常面临的条件。需要进行研究以调查这些药剂与标准的内生真菌接种（球囊霉根内接种）结合时相互作用的潜力，以减轻在行道树建立期间通常经历的种植冲击和树木压力。基于它们的作用模式，预测这两种药剂将对树苗生长产生积极的协同作用，这将提高个体活力和存活率。当它们结合在一起时，很可能会提高对胁迫和害虫的耐受性，但是为了证明商业应用，需要进行温室和田间试验来阐明确切的生理机制和改善程度。如果成功，这种方法将为Lallemand和加拿大越来越多的迫切需要更好的工具来加强城市绿化的城市提供一个具有重大意义的突破。

High post-transplantation tree mortality is an important limitation in efforts to enhance tree cover in Canadian cities, one resultingin large costs to municipalities and tree owners. Lallemand Plant Care has developed several products that enhance plant stressresistance in agricultural crops, two of which may have important application in urban forestry due to their mitigation of droughtstress; Bluestim (Glycine betaine) and Rhizocell (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT-45) inoculants. Individually, one works to stimulateroot growth and improve nutrient uptake, while the other enhances normal functioning of photosynthesis and translocation of waterand nutrients during environmental stress (i.e. high or low temperatures, water stress, saline/sodic soil), conditions commonlyfaced by newly-planted trees in urban settings. Research is needed to investigate the potential for these agents to interact whencombined with standard endomycorhizzal inoculations (Glomus intraradices) to mitigate planting shock and tree stress normallyexperienced during street tree establishment. Based on their modes of action, it is predicted that the two agents will have apositive, synergistic effect on tree seedling growth, one that will enhance individual vigour and survival. When combined, it is alsolikely that they will confer improved stress and pest tolerance, however both greenhouse and field trials designed to elucidate theexact physiological mechanisms and extent of improvement are needed in order to demonstrate commercial application. Ifsuccessful, this approach will provide a breakthrough of great significance to both Lallemand and the growing number ofmunicipalities across Canada in desperate need of better tools to enhance urban greening.