Advanced Information Processing for Healthy Life

该研究项目的目的是更好地了解健康衰老过程中的大脑活动，并阐明预测神经退行性疾病转化的因素。事实上，理解神经元活动、脑代谢和病理生理过程将使创新数学模型（非线性常微分方程系统）的发展成为可能，通过或用于结合生物和生物医学图像，从大脑解剖功能电路的基本建模到人脑中tau蛋白积累的模型（偏微分方程形式主义）。在这种“虚拟脑活动和病理”的环境中，个体受试者的脑部疾病发展的结果可以通过模拟来预测。数值模拟工具将允许预测疾病的进展，并了解其原因，这仍然是不确定的。这种数值方法是研究神经退行性疾病风险受试者健康衰老的病理生理过程的新范式。这种方法被称为“预测性生理病理学”，通过预防提供更好的健康。为了实现这些目标，我们将在局部和网络脑水平上开发一种新的神经胶质血管计算模型（ngv模型），代表脑电图测量的局部神经元活动与磁共振成像或正电子发射断层扫描测量的脑血流（CBF）变化之间的关系，并引入星形胶质细胞对神经元和CBF激活的贡献。在我们神经元建模工作的连续性中，包括星形胶质细胞及其代谢作用，我们使用计算模型来计算神经递质交换。重点将放在大规模网络ngv模型与神经退行性疾病模型之间的相互作用。数值模拟工具将允许预测疾病的进展，并了解其原因，这仍然是不确定的。这种数值方法是研究神经退行性疾病高危受试者病理生理过程的新范式。最重要的是，病理生理过程和可能导致认知能力下降的因素的动态性质得到解决，因为它们的特征对于基于疾病的早期诊断确定可能的干预策略至关重要。这个问题还没有达到更好地理解促进健康生活方式和促进健康大脑寿命的因素所需的可靠性水平。

The objective of the research program is to better understand brain activity in healthy aging and to shed light on factors predicting conversion to neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, understanding neuronal activity, brain metabolism and the patho-physiological process will enable the development of innovative mathematical models (non-linear ordinary differential equation system) by or for combining biological and biomedical images from the basic modelling of the brain's anatomo-functional circuits to models of tau protein accumulation in the human brain (partial differential equation formalism). In such “virtual brain activity and pathology” environment, the outcome of brain disease development for individual subjects can be foreseen by simulations. Numerical simulation tools would allow for the prediction of the progress of the disease as well as an understanding of its causes, which remain uncertain. This numerical approach is a new paradigm of the study of the patho-physiological process in healthy aging of subjects at-risk for neurodegenerative disease. This approach, referred to as “predictive physiopathology”, offers better health through prevention. To achieve these objectives we will develop a new Neuro-Glia-Vascular computational model (NGV-model) both at the local and at the network brain level, representing the relationship between local neuronal activity measured by Electroencephalography and the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) changes measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Positron Emission Tomography and introducing an astrocytes cells contribution to the neuronal and CBF activation. In the continuity of our neuronal modeling work including astrocytes and their metabolic role, we use a computational model accounting for neurotransmitters exchanges. An important focus and emphasis will be placed on the interaction between the NGV-model at a large-scale network and the neurodegenerative diseases model. Numerical simulation tools would allow prediction of the progress of the disease as well as an understanding of its causes, which remain uncertain. This numerical approach is a new paradigm of the study of the patho-physiological process in subjects at-risk for neurodegenerative disease. It is paramount that the dynamical nature of the patho-physiological processes and factors that may contribute to cognitive decline be addressed as their characterization are essential for the definition of possible intervention strategies based on early diagnostic of the disease. This problem has not yet reached the reliability level required for better understanding the factors that promote a healthy lifestyle and contribute to the longevity of a healthy brain.