Novel Integrated Solar Energy Systems for Multigeneration

在最近于巴黎举行的气候变化会议上，可再生能源解决方案被确定为通过减少二氧化碳排放来应对全球变暖的关键目标。因此，人们更加积极地开发可再生能源技术，特别是太阳能技术，一些欧洲和北美国家已经提出了可再生能源组合的路线图。虽然全球问题主要集中在能源、环境和经济问题上，但迫切需要制定可持续能源解决方案，以解决更好的设计和分析、效率、成本效益、资源使用、环境和能源安全问题。本研究旨在实现这些目标，并开发新型的集成太阳能系统，为多代目的提供有效的储热选择。研究分为四个阶段。第一阶段的重点是概念发展和设计新颖的综合多代系统，使用不同的能源及其与太阳能的杂交。该系统提供各种有价值的输出，例如，电力、空间供暖、水加热、蒸汽、水冷却、空调、氢、脱盐（淡水和盐）和合成燃料（氨、甲醇、乙醇等）。另一个重要方面是将新的热存储方案纳入综合多联产系统，以抵消使用太阳能等可再生能源的供需不匹配。第二阶段涉及多代系统中可能遇到的过程的建模和分析，涵盖微观和宏观层面以及多维建模;以及热力学（能量和火用）、流体流动、化学、热化学、催化和非催化、电化学、光化学、传热和传质分析（根据过程的不同，以稳定和不稳定的形式进行）。第三阶段涉及实验室规模的实验和对所提出的系统的各种设计的概念验证测试（例如，热力发动机系统）及其热部件。此外，这些多代系统的关键过程进行了更详细的研究，通过概念验证测试。第四阶段涉及多目标优化和性能评估（通过能量和火用效率，以及其他性能指标），以及改进的多联产系统开发和测试。这是基于多目标的标准，包括最小化的火用破坏，成本和环境影响，提高效率和可持续性等的经济，环境，生态和可持续性的性能进行了研究，通过成本参数，指标，影响标准和生命周期的影响类别。

IIn the most recent Climate Change Conference in Paris, renewable energy solutions have been identified as a critical target to combat the global warming by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Due to this, there have been even more aggressive efforts to develop renewable energy technologies for immediate applications, especially with solar energy, and several European and North American Countries have put their road maps forward for renewable energy portfolios. While global issues primarily focuses on energetic, environmental and economic concerns, there is a strong need to develop sustainable energy solutions to address better design and analysis, efficiency, cost effectiveness, resources use, environment and energy security. This research aims to achieve these targets and develop novel integrated solar energy-based systems with effective heat storage options for multigeneration purposes. The research consists of four phases. The first phase focuses on the conceptual development and design of novel integrated multigeneration systems using diverse energy sources and their hybridization with solar energy. The systems provides various valuable outputs, e.g., electricity, space heating, water heating, steam, water cooling, air conditioning, hydrogen, desalination (fresh water and salt) and synthetic fuels (ammonia, methanol, ethanol, etc.). Another important aspect is the novel heat storage options as to be incorporated into the integrated multigeneration systems to offset the mismatch between demand and supply where renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are used. The second phase deals with the modeling and analyses of processes that can be encountered in multigeneration systems, covering micro- and macro-level and multi-dimensional modeling; and thermodynamic (energetically and exergetically), fluid flow, chemical, thermochemical, catalytic and non-catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, heat and mass transfer analyses (in both steady and unsteady forms depending on the process). The third phase involves lab-scale experiments and proof of concept testing on various designs of proposed systems (e.g., heat engine systems) and their thermal components. Also, key processes of these multigeneration systems are studied in more detail through proof of concept testing. The fourth phase deals with multi-objective optimization and performance assessment (through energy and exergy efficiencies, and other performance metrics), as well as improvement of the multigeneration systems developed and tested. This is done based on multi-objective criteria including minimization of exergy destructions, costs and environmental impact, and increasing efficiency and sustainability, etc. Economic, environmental, ecological and sustainability performances are studied through cost parameters, indexes, impact criteria and life cycle impact categories.