Enabling Design and Architecture Support for the Development of Internet of Things Applications

物联网（IoT）旨在连接大量对象和设备，以允许收集，聚合和分析数据，从而在包括智能城市，智能建筑，工业4.0和医疗保健在内的各种领域开发更有效和高效的系统。物联网软件的设计需要处理前所未有的分布式、异构性、实时性、动态性、智能性和规模等特征，在许多情况下，还需要满足高可靠性和安全性要求。为了构建物联网软件，微服务在工业中的应用越来越多。然而，虽然它们看起来是一个有用的抽象，但它们的有效开发，组合和部署，以便满足所需的异构性，适应性和性能的种类和水平，仍然是一个挑战。为了应对这些挑战，该项目将研究使用UML-RT以符合微服务基本原则的方式对物联网软件进行架构、实现和推理。UML-RT是基于UML的基于组件的设计和开发方法，自20世纪90年代以来一直用于开发包括电信和工业自动化在内的不同领域的工业嵌入式系统。具体来说，该项目将扩展UML-RT和Papyrus-RT，支持（1）通过关键的物联网通信技术（如MQTT，CoAP和JSON）进行分发，异构性，部署和适配，以及（2）与开源Node-RED物联网中间件基础设施的集成和互操作性。 ** 该项目的结果将使工业合作伙伴能够发展竞争优势，并将其产品和服务扩展到不断增长的物联网行业。这项研究将推动软件建模的发展，特别是在物联网软件中的应用。改进的开发技术和工具将促进复杂但高质量的物联网软件的高效构建和维护。**

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting large numbers of objects and devices to allow the collection, aggregation, and analysis of data to enable the development of more effective and efficient systems in a wide variety of domains including smart cities, smart buildings, Industry 4.0, and health care. The design of IoT software requires dealing with characteristics such as distribution, heterogeneity, real-time, dynamism, intelligence and scale at unprecedented levels, as well as, in many cases, high dependability and security requirements. To structure IoT software, microservices are increasingly used in industry. However, while they appear to be a useful abstraction, their effective development, composition and deployment such that the required kinds and levels of heterogeneity, adaptation, and performance are satisfied, remains a challenge.**To address these challenges, the project will investigate the use of UML-RT for architecting, implementing, and reasoning about IoT software in a way that is consistent with the principles underlying microservices. UML-RT is component-based design and development approach based on UML that has been used since the 1990ties to develop industrial embedded systems in different domains including telecom and industrial automation. Tool support is provided via commercial tools and, more recently, an open-source tool called Eclipse Papyrus-RT. Concretely, the project will extend UML-RT and Papyrus-RT with support for (1) distribution, heterogeneity, deployment, and adaptation via key IoT communication technologies such as MQTT, CoAP, and JSON, and (2) integration and interoperability with the open-source Node-RED IoT middleware infrastructure. **The results of the project will allow the industrial partners to develop competitive advantages and extend their products and services towards the growing IoT industry. The research will advance the state-of-the-art in software modeling in general and its use for IoT software in particular. Improved development techniques and tools will facilitate the efficient construction and maintenance of complex, yet high-quality IoT software.******************************