Geofluids and Geohazards

拟议的研究计划将为卡尔加里大学一个新的跨学科研究小组“地球流体”奠定基础，该小组最初将侧重于利用地壳尺度的流体流动模型，量化流体和流体压力在俯冲带地震活动和海底滑坡中的作用。在这两种灾害中，流体压力升高都被认为是一种机制：通过机械地削弱斜坡沉积物，并使它们在地震中“预适应”，以及通过降低俯冲带中板块边界断层的有效应力和摩擦特性。模型开发和参数化将构成HQP项目的基础，M.SC。学生们主要关注通过分析地球物理数据(即热流和地震反射数据)来约束模型参数，以及对通过海洋钻探获得的岩心(即孔隙度和渗透率)进行实验室变形实验。博士生将负责将这些数据集合成流体流动模型，并进行用于预测每个研究区域压力分布的模拟。研究计划中的第一个项目将集中在现有合作的重点地区：新西兰的希库兰吉俯冲区和加利福尼亚州的圣巴巴拉盆地。*浅层地震和海底山体滑坡都有可能引发海啸，这突出表明有必要了解这些系统，作为评估潜在危险的第一步，特别是在人口稠密的沿海地区。这里提出的工作将通过缩小与流体压力有关的地球物理观测(如地震、大地测量、温度、压力数据)和控制沿海易发灾害区域海底流体的生产和运动的基本过程之间的差距，从根本上推动对这两种灾害的研究。该计划的长期成果将是一个强大的工作流程，可应用于广泛的海洋和陆地项目，这些项目需要广泛的跨学科方法，包括诱发地震和陆地山体滑坡，这些项目也将流体压力作为主要致因机制。南加州研究的模型结果将为未来旨在调查其他盆地海啸引发山体滑坡的可能性的研究提供参考，重点是加拿大地震活跃的西海岸。

The proposed research program will provide the foundation for a new interdisciplinary research group in “Geofluids” at the University of Calgary, which will initially focus on quantifying the role of fluids and fluid pressures in subduction zone seismicity, and submarine landslides, using crustal scale models of fluid flow. Elevated fluid pressures have been invoked as a mechanism in both of these hazards: by mechanically weakening slope sediments, and “preconditioning” them to fail in an earthquake, and by reducing the effective stress and frictional properties of the plate boundary fault in subduction zones. The model development and parameterization will form the basis for HQP projects, with M.Sc. students primarily focused on constraining model parameters through analysis of geophysical data (i.e. heat flow and seismic reflection data), and laboratory deformation experiments on cores recovered through ocean drilling (i.e. porosity and permeability). Ph.D. students will take responsibility for synthesizing these datasets into the fluid flow model, and conducting the simulations used to predict the pressure distribution in each study area. The first projects in the research program will concentrate on regions that are the focus of existing collaborations: the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, and the Santa Barbara Basin, California. ***Both shallow earthquakes and submarine landslides have the potential to generate tsunamis, which highlights the need to understand these systems as a first step toward assessing potential hazards, particularly in highly populated coastal areas. The work proposed here will fundamentally advance the study of both these hazards by bridging the gap between the geophysical observations linked to fluid pressures (e.g. seismological, geodetic, temperature, pressure data) and the fundamental processes that govern the production and movement of submarine fluids in coastal, hazard prone regions. The long-term results of this program will be a robust workflow that can be applied to a broad range of marine and terrestrial projects that require a broad interdisciplinary approach, including induced seismicity and terrestrial landslides, which have also invoked fluid pressures as a primary causative mechanism. The model results for the study in Southern California will inform future studies aimed at investigating the potential of tsunamogenic landslides in other basins, with a focus on Canada's seismically active West Coast.