Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Some Fundamental Problems and their Practical Relevance

拟议的研究将侧重于内陆和沿海沃茨的理论和应用问题，包括自然（湖泊，河流，河口，峡湾）和人造（水填充矿井，尾矿池，水库）。 由于温度和/或溶解和悬浮物质浓度的变化，几乎所有水体都是密度分层的。 这种分层抑制了热、盐、氧、营养物和污染物的垂直移动，因此具有相当大的环境和经济重要性。 申请人的研究主要是为了理解克服密度分层和促进垂直混合的过程。 两个主要的研究领域是：*A。流体动力稳定性、波浪相互作用和混合;*B。在部分混合的矿坑湖泊中混合。*虽然第一个研究领域主要是出于更好地理解分层流行为的基本愿望，但它有许多实际应用。 应用包括弗雷泽河盐楔的侵入，以及汉密尔顿港和安大略之间的交换流。 相反，虽然第二个研究领域的动机是采矿公司、顾问、原住民和政府机构为解决具体问题而采取的办法，但它提出了许多尚未解决的根本问题。 在每种情况下，拟议研究的短期目标是通过分析，实验室和数值实验以及实地观察的结合，更好地了解这些问题。 长期目标是对具有挑战性和重要的真实的世界问题进行有效的数值模拟，以确保经济、可持续和安全地利用加拿大广泛的水资源。

The proposed research will focus on theoretical and applied problems in inland and coastal waters, both natural (lakes, rivers, estuaries, fjords) and man-made (water filled mine pits, mine tailings ponds, reservoirs). Almost all water bodies are density-stratified, due to variations in temperature and/or the concentration of dissolved and suspended substances. This stratification inhibits the vertical movement of heat, salt, oxygen, nutrients and pollutants, and is thus of considerable environmental and economic importance. The applicants' research is primarily directed to understanding processes that overcome density stratification and facilitate vertical mixing. The two main research areas are:***A. Hydrodynamic stability, wave interactions and mixing;***B. Mixing in meromictic mine pit lakes.***While the first research area is primarily motivated by a fundamental desire to better understand the behaviour of stratified flows, it has many practical applications. Applications include intrusion of the Fraser River salt wedge, and the exchange flow between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario. Conversely, while the second research area has been motivated by approaches from mining companies, consultants, First Nations and government agencies to address specific concerns, it raises many fundamental questions that have not yet been resolved. In each case, the short-term objectives of the proposed research are to gain a better understanding of these problems through a combination of analysis, laboratory and numerical experimentation, and field observations. The long-term objective is effective numerical modelling of challenging and important real world problems, to ensure the economic, sustainable and safe use of Canada's extensive water resources.**