Understanding the temperature development of shotcrete mixtures in frozen ground

了解喷浆混凝土的温度发展是保证喷浆混凝土就地、长期质量和地面稳定性的关键。对于北方的应用，必须**加速喷射混凝土的水化和温度，以确保有足够的岩石支撑强度；然而，喷射混凝土**水化产生的过多热量会导致周围的永久冻土融化。融化是一个严重的问题，因为它会破坏地面的稳定，使地下作业不安全。尽管意义重大，但大多数项目只是基于**实践经验或试错方法。对冻土中喷射混凝土混合料的**温度发展缺乏基本的认识。为此，我们建议LZhang Consulting&Testing Ltd与艾伯塔大学合作进行一项**实验研究，以表征喷射混凝土在低温**(即0至-10°C)下的热性能和热源。然后利用这些表征结果进行数值模拟，以了解喷射混凝土的**温度发展。研究结果对多年冻土区和人工冻土地区喷浆混凝土的应用具有指导意义。

Understanding the temperature development of shotcrete is a key to the in-place and long-term quality of**shotcrete and the ground stability. For northern applications, the hydration of shotcrete and temperature must**be accelerated to ensure adequate strength for rock support; however, excessive heat produced by shotcrete**hydration causes thawing of the surrounding permafrost. Thawing is a severe problem as it destabilizes the**ground, making underground operations unsafe. Despite the significance, most projects are just based on**practical experience or the trial-and-error approach. There is a lack of fundamental understanding on the**temperature development of shotcrete mixtures in frozen ground. To this end, we propose research**collaboration between LZhang Consulting & Testing Ltd and the University of Alberta to conduct an**experimental study to characterize the thermal properties and heat source of shotcrete under low temperatures**(i.e., 0 to -10°C). Then numerical modeling will be done using these characterization results to understand the**temperature development of shotcrete. As a result, the findings can guide the application of shotcrete used in**permafrost regions and artificially frozen ground.