Visual Regulation of Goal Directed Movement

自2009年以来，我的实验室一直在研究练习和战略行为在优化目标导向的到达和瞄准动作的速度、准确性和能量消耗方面的作用。通过这项工作，我们开发了一个运动控制模型，该模型假设了两种在线控制的“组成部分”模式，其中主动在线控制发生得比之前想象的要早得多，并作为关于肢体方向/速度的动态信息与运动预期感觉结果的内部表示的快速和连续比较的函数而迅速展开。自发表以来，描述这一模型的论文极具影响力，平均每年被引用20多次。目前的建议直接建立在我的研究计划的基础上，通过提出11项新的研究，使我们能够继续将我们的多过程模型扩展到新的方向，而不仅仅是瞄准运动。系列1将继续我们在肢体运动的视觉控制方面的工作，通过进行旨在进一步分离到达和瞄准的视觉和本体感觉调节的实验。我们在这里的目标是将与预先计划的自愿控制相关联的表示与在复杂环境中执行时自动参与的表示联系起来。第二系列实验将开始在更多的微观和宏观层面上评估我们模型的预测。在这里，我们建议通过将我们的目标工作扩展到多个次级效应器系统之间的较小规模的交互作用来研究在眼手协调任务中整合的感觉运动控制过程，这些系统有助于更大规模的运动行为。系列2的实验集中在更宏观的运动视觉调节概念上。这些研究的目的是研究在更大规模的运动行为中，动作的视觉后果是如何在运动链的不同水平上表现出来的，通过探索中枢神经系统在整个身体在空间中移动时如何协调上肢和下肢。到目前为止，我们的研究以及由此衍生的有影响力的模型一直围绕着与手动瞄准运动相关的个人和任务限制的彻底探索。拟议的实验将极大地拓宽该模型预测人类跨其他领域运动的背景。这些平行的研究流，通过运动视觉调节的共同主题联系在一起，将为我们的长期研究计划提供新的和重要的扩展。这种对典型发展中人口流动性质的更全面的理解具有额外的潜在好处，即为未来的研究提供洞察力，即如何将这种知识应用于加拿大患有运动障碍的人口。**

Since 2009, my lab has examined the role of practice and strategic behaviours in optimizing the speed, accuracy and energy expenditure of goal-directed reaching and aiming movements. From this work we have developed a model of motor control that posits two "component" modes of online control wherein active online control occurs much earlier than previously thought and rapidly unfolds as a function of a rapid and continuous comparison of dynamic information about limb direction/velocity to an internal representation of the expected sensory consequences of the movement. Since publication, the paper describing this model has been extremely influential averaging over 20 citations per year. The current proposal builds directly upon my research program, predicated upon developing a more complete understanding of how vision regulates human movement, by proposing 11 new studies that will allow us to continue to extend our multiple process model in new directions beyond aiming movements. Series 1 experiments will continue or our work in the visual control of limb movements by conducting experiments designed to further dissociate the visual and proprioceptive regulation of reaching and aiming. Our goal here is to link the representations associated with preplanned voluntary control to those that are automatically engaged when performing in complex environments. Series 2 experiments will begin to assess the predications of our model at more micro and macro levels. Here we propose to investigate the sensorimotor control processes that are integrated during eye-hand coordination tasks by extending our aiming work to the smaller scale interactions between multiple, secondary effector systems that contribute to larger scale motor behaviours. Series 2 experiments focus on the more macro concepts of the visual regulation of movement. The purpose of these studies is to examine how the visual consequences of action are represented at various levels in the kinematic chain during larger scale motor behaviours by exploring how the Central Nervous System coordinates the upper and lower limbs during full-body locomotion through space. Until now our research, and the influential model derived from it, has revolved around a thorough exploration of individual and task constraints associated with manual aiming movements. The proposed experiments will significantly broaden the context of the predictions of this model into human movement across other domains. These parallel streams of research, linked by a common theme of the visual regulation of movement, will provide novel and important extensions to our long term research program. This more comprehensive understanding of the nature of movement in typically developing populations has the additional potential benefits of providing insights into future studies as to how this knowledge can be applied to Canadian populations with movement disorders. **