Addition of biochars to concrete mixtures in replacement of portland cement for development of sustainable concrete.****

优质混凝土有限公司致力于为他们的混凝土搅拌实施可持续材料。目前，他们高达20%的混凝土是由波特兰水泥和水的混合物制成的浆体结合在一起的。这种浆体将砾石、岩石和沙子(集料)结合在一起，在潮湿时提供可延展的、易于使用的混凝土混合物，在干燥时提供坚固的防水产品。波特兰水泥是在非常高的温度(约1450摄氏度)下，在能源密集型磨机中用粘土加热苛性石灰石来制造的。这一燃烧过程使用了大量的燃料，通常是煤或石油焦。生产波特兰水泥的过程是不可持续的，暴露在其许多成分中是潜在的危险，因此混凝土行业对可持续、更健康的替代品非常感兴趣。由于波特兰水泥是赋予混凝土理想物理特性的主要成分，它不能完全被取代，但可以使用某些添加剂来减少波特兰水泥的使用量。最近的研究表明，由生物质制成的木炭等可重复使用的天然副产品可以在混凝土制造过程中实现，方法是取代高达10%的波特兰水泥，以生产出具有均匀孔隙率和更高综合强度的轻质、更可行的混凝土产品。这项建议的重点是“确定可转换为生物炭的当地生物质来源(螃蟹、林业)，并与优质混凝土合作，在添加不同浓度和类型的生物炭的情况下，测试所得到的混凝土的适用性、稳定性、强度和耐久性。

Quality Concrete Ltd. is devoted to implementing sustainable materials for their concrete mixing. Currently up to 20 % of their concrete is held together by a paste made from a mixture of Portland Cement and water. This paste binds the gravel, rock, and sand (aggregates) together to give a malleable, easy to use concrete mixture when wet, and a strong, water resistant product when dry. Portland cement is manufactured by heating caustic limestone with clay in an energy intensive mill at very high temperatures (about 1450°C). This firing process utilizes high quantities of fuel, typically coal or petroleum coke. The process of generating portland cement is unsustainable and exposure to many of its ingredients is potentially dangerous therefore the concrete industry in very interested in sustainable, healthier alternatives. Since Portland cement is a main ingredient that gives the concrete its ideal physical characteristics, it can not be completely replaced, but certain additives can be used to reduce the amount of Portland cement used. Recent studies have shown that reusable natural by-products like charcoal made from biomass can be implemented in the concrete manufacturing process by replacing up to 10% of Portland cement to produce a lightweight, more feasible, concrete product with uniform porosity and increased comprehensive strength. This proposal focus' on identifying local biomass sources (crab, forestry) for conversion to biochar and collaboration with Quality Concrete to test for applicability, stability, strength and durability of the resulting concrete with the addition of various concentrations and types of biochar.