Investigation of the role of organic matter in partitioning of chemicals in the municipal wastewater treatment process

***科学界、工业界、政府和公众日益关注具有历史意义和新出现的环境问题化学品（CECs）的广泛使用和应用，以应对在接收环境中对生物体急性和慢性接触CECs的潜在健康风险。CECs通过各种来源进入水生环境，包括废水流、农业和雨水径流。其中，城市污水处理厂（MWTP）流出物是加拿大人的一个持续问题，使改善城市废水管理成为湖泊和河流可持续生态未来的一个关键因素。******在MWTP过程中，CECs向有机物（OM）的分配对它们的命运和运输很重要，但在MWTP过程中却很少被研究。对OM的分配历来是通过化学疏水性来描述的，化学疏水性通过辛醇-水分配系数包含在MWTP模型中。然而，cec包括具有广泛不同的物理化学性质的污染物，这些污染物可能不遵循基于疏水性的分配。了解CEC的分配行为对于确定生物利用度和降解以及MWTP对环境的潜在负荷，以评估对人类和环境健康的新的和现有的化学影响至关重要。*******拟建研究计划的目标是对包括多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）以及纳米材料（NMs）在内的CECs在MWTP过程中的命运和运输进行全面的基础和应用研究。该计划包括三个项目，其目标是：(1)评估MWTP模型，以确定需要进一步了解的必要物理化学参数和分配机制，为模型的改进和开发提供信息；(2)确定多溴二苯醚对不同MWPT OM大小组分的分配行为，阐明分配机制及其与各种物理化学参数的相关性；(3)将pbde的知识扩展到PPCPs和NMs的研究，包括被动有机化学集成采样器的验证。******从该研究项目中获得的知识将是我们评估和描述CEC修复、制造和处置的潜在影响的关键组成部分，同时有助于开辟MWTP过程的新方法，以帮助减轻CEC对接收环境的负荷。研究结果的潜在用户包括水和废水处理公司、环境保护机构、工业和政府决策者。改进后的模型也可适用于加拿大和全世界的mwtp项目，以帮助为更新处理过程的相关决定提供信息，以保障环境健康。*****

***The widespread uses and applications of historic and newly emerging chemicals of environmental concern (CECs) is of increasing interest to the scientific community, industry, government and the general public in response to the potential health risks of acute and chronic exposures of CECs to organisms in receiving environments. CECs are introduced into aquatic environments through various sources including wastewater streams, agricultural and storm-water runoffs. Of these, municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) effluents are a continuing issue for Canadians making the improvement of municipal wastewater management a critical element for a sustainable ecological future for lakes and rivers.******Partitioning of CECs to organic matter (OM), is important in their fate and transport during the MWTP process, but has been poorly investigated in MWTPs. Partitioning to OM has historically been described via chemical hydrophobicity which has been included in MWTP models via the octanol-water partitioning coefficient. However, CECs include contaminants having widely varying physicochemical properties which may not follow partitioning based on hydrophobicity. Knowledge of CEC partitioning behaviour is essential for determination of bioavailability and degradation, and potential MWTP loadings to the environment for the assessment of new and existing chemical impacts on human and environmental health.*******The goal of the proposed research program is to conduct comprehensive fundamental and applied research on the fate and transport of CECs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and nanomaterials (NMs) in MWTP processes. The program includes three projects with objectives of: (1) Assessment of MWTP models to determine necessary physicochemical parameters and partitioning mechanisms needed to be further understood to inform model improvement and development; (2) Determine the partitioning behaviour of PBDEs to various MWPT OM size fractions to elucidate partitioning mechanisms and correlate to various physicochemical parameters; and (3) Extend knowledge gained for PBDEs to research PPCPs and NMs including validation of passive organic chemical integrative samplers. ******Knowledge gained from this research program will be a critical component in our ability to assess and delineate the potential implications of CEC remediation, manufacture and disposal, while helping to open new approaches to MWTP processes to help mitigate CEC loading to receiving environments. The potential users of the results included water and wastewater treatment utilities, environmental protection agencies, industry, and governmental decision makers. The model improvements may also be adapted for use in MWTPs, in Canada and worldwide, to help inform relevant decisions on updating of treatment processes to safeguard environmental health.*****