Active Distribution Systems with Renewable Resources and Energy Storage Units: Modeling, Analysis and Control Design

在环境、经济和技术担忧的推动下，能源行业正在走向前所未有的重大变革。在不久的将来，以可再生能源为动力的分布式发电机组将满足电力需求的大量增长。根据国际能源署2013年的报告，尽管经济形势艰难，但全球可再生能源占总发电量的比例预计将从2011年的20%上升到2018年的25%。随着间歇性可再生能源(如风能和光伏)的高渗透率，电网的稳定性和可靠性成为一个主要问题。能源界已经认识到，将可再生能源与储能系统相结合，以实现电力平滑(短期储存)和能量时移(长期批量储存)，对于改善电网稳定性和提高可再生能源的普及率起着至关重要的作用。这种新兴设备的集成将主要发生在配电系统中，并以交流、直流或混合交流/直流连接的形式进行，以提高能量转换效率。通过这些改造，传统的配电系统将转变为具有多个市场参与者、复杂的动态、不确定性和多方向潮流的高度分布式的有源配电系统。配电网面临这样的重大改造，将产生一些根本和关键的控制和运行问题。满足工业短期需求需要解决的基本问题是：1)在可再生能源和市场价格不确定的情况下，如何优化控制和管理不同利益相关者拥有的分布式储能系统的能量流动？2)如何协调高度分散的可再生能源资源和储能单元，以在这些资源具有挑战性的固有和不对称特性下动态支持电网？3)直流和交/直流子电网渗透率的增加对有源配电系统的动态、稳定和控制方面有何影响？*本研究计划的主要目的是建立数学模型，有源配电系统的先进控制方案和能量管理算法，以克服已确定的集成障碍，并帮助可持续和清洁的分布式发电技术以提高整体电网性能的方式为我们的能源系统做出贡献。*基础研究，涉及电力转换、建模、控制和系统优化的理论，预计将提高知识，为高素质的人员提供培训，并为加拿大行业提供及时的知识和解决方案。**

Driven by environmental, economic and technical concerns, the energy sector is moving toward unprecedented major transformations. Large amount of increases in the electrical energy demand will be met by distributed generation units empowered by renewable energy resources in the near future. According to the International Energy Agency report in 2013, despite the difficult economic context, the worldwide renewable energy share is estimated to rise to 25% of gross power generation in 2018 up from 20% in 2011. With the expected high penetration-level of intermittent renewable energy resources (e.g. wind and photovoltaic), power grid stability and reliability becomes a major concern. The energy community has realized that integrating renewable energy resources with energy storage systems-for power smoothing (short-term storage) and energy time shifting (long-term bulk storage)- plays a critical role in improving the grid stability and increasing the penetration-level of renewable energy resources. Integration of such emerging devices will dominantly take place in power distribution systems and in the form of ac, dc or hybrid ac/dc connections to enhance the energy conversion efficiency. With these transformations, conventional distribution systems will be transformed to highly-distributed active distribution systems with several market participants and complicated dynamics, uncertainties and multi-directional power-flow.****With such major transformations facing distribution girds, several fundamental and critical control and operation problems will be yielded. The fundamental problems that should be addressed to meet the short-term needs of industry are: 1) How to optimally control and manage the energy flow of distributed energy storage systems owned by different stakeholders in the presence of renewable generation and market price uncertainties? 2) How to coordinate highly distributed renewable energy resources and energy storage units to support the grid dynamically under the challenging inherent and unsymmetrical characteristics of these resources? 3) What are the impacts of increased penetration-level of dc and hybrid ac/dc sub-grids on the dynamics, stability and control aspects of active distribution systems?****The main objective of this research program is to develop mathematical models, advanced control schemes and energy management algorithms for active distribution systems to overcome the identified integration barriers and help sustainable and clean distributed generation technologies make their contribution to our energy system in a way that enhances the overall grid performance.****The fundamental research, involving theories in power conversion, modeling, control and system optimization is expected to advance knowledge, provide training to highly qualified personnel and provide timely knowledge and solutions to the Canadian industry.**