Effect of alkaline pretreatment on emerging substances of concern (ESoC) in biosolids**

废水是加拿大水资源的最大排放源，留下的残余固体需要进一步处理，以保护公众健康和环境。废水固体、污泥或生物固体（进一步处理的污泥）的管理是废水处理厂运行中的一个主要经济因素;每年约50%的运营成本与污泥管理有关。污泥体积的任何减少和更大的稳定性都会降低最终管理成本的负担。厌氧消化（AD）是世界上最广泛使用的污泥稳定化工艺之一，其利用厌氧细菌分解约40-50%的污泥有机物以产生有价值的沼气（甲烷）用于能源并在有益使用之前减少污泥的病原体。上级且稳定的生物固体材料可用作农业肥料，其对土壤中的养分再循环和有机材料重构具有积极作用。通过对污泥进行化学或生物预处理，可以提高污泥固体的可生化性，增强污泥的脱水能力，杀灭病原菌。合作公司Lystek International Inc.拥有低温热碱水解（THP）技术，用于处理生物固体和其他有机物。该工艺通过加热（75 ℃）、碱（KOH或其他碱源至pH >9.5）和高速剪切实现细胞和大分子水解。这一过程生产出一种CFIA注册的肥料，出售给农民用于农业用地。然而，生物固体中可能存在痕量浓度的多种有机化合物是全球关注的问题。这些化合物通常统称为新兴关注物质（ESoC），包括原料污泥或经处理的生物固体中的药物和个人护理产品中的活性成分。拟议工作的目的是确定使用Lystek THP系统处理生物固体时ESoCs的命运。具体来说，这项研究的目的是确定Lystek过程，无论是单独的，或与厌氧消化相结合，如何影响五个特定的ESoCs的命运。**

Wastewater is the largest source of effluent discharge to Canadian water resources, leaving behind residual solids which require further treatment to protect public health and the environment. Management of wastewater solids, sludge or biosolids (further treated sludge), is a major economic factor in the operation of wastewater treatment plants; ~50% of the annual operating costs are related to sludge management alone. Any reduction in volume of the sludge and greater stabilization reduce the burden on the ultimate management cost. Anaerobic digestion (AD), one of the most widely used sludge stabilization processes worldwide, utilizes anaerobic bacteria to break down about 40-50% of the sludge's organic matter to produce valuable biogas (methane) for energy and reduce pathogens of the sludge prior to a beneficial use. A superior and stabilized biosolids material can be utilized as an agricultural fertilizer, which has a positive effect on nutrient recycling and organic material reconstitution in the soil. The biodegradability of sludge solids, the enhancement of dewatering of the sludge, and destruction of pathogen can be improved by the chemical or biological pretreatment of sludge. The partnering company, Lystek International Inc. has a low-temperature thermal alkaline hydrolysis (THP) technology for treatment of biosolids and other organics. The process achieves cell and macromolecular hydrolysis through the addition of heat (75oC), alkali (KOH or other alkali sources to pH >9.5) and high-speed shearing. This process produces a CFIA-registered fertilizer that is sold to farmers for use on agricultural land. However, potential presence of trace concentrations of numerous organic compounds in biosolids is a global concern. These compounds are commonly referred to collectively as emerging substances of concern (ESoC) which include pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products in the raw sludge or treated biosolids. The objective of the proposed work is to determine the fate of ESoCs in biosolids when processed using the Lystek THP system. Specifically, this research aims to determine how the Lystek process, either alone, or coupled with anaerobic digestion, impacts the fate of five specific ESoCs. **