Materials and synchrotron radiation

我们建议在两个密切相关的方面进行研究：(1)功能纳米材料、基本性质及其在能源、环境、药物输送和金属-生物材料界面方面的应用；(2)基于同步加速器的先进光子技术的开发和应用，特别是高能分辨电子光谱、高能分辨X射线(吸收和发射)光谱和显微技术，以跟踪功能纳米材料和复合材料的电子行为，以及重要的是，它们在设计的功能中所需的特性和性能。*在(1)中，我们将研究一系列具有不同组成、形态、结构和尺寸的纳米结构，涉及两个技术上最相关的元素，硅和碳，以及许多金属氧化物半导体，包括二氧化钛、氧化锌和氧化锡，以及纳米金属系统和纳米碳复合材料(例如，碳纳米管和石墨烯负载的铂纳米颗粒)。我们将继续开发控制合成具有所需成分、尺寸、形态、晶体结构的纳米材料的方法，以及使用可调谐X射线源(同步加速器)进行X射线光谱表征(吸收和光电子)的方法。*在(2)中，当加拿大光源(CLS)可用于进一步深入研究和开发时，我们在过去十年中开发了许多强大的技术。我作为加拿大光源SGM(250-2keV)、PGM(10-250 eV)和SXRenc(1.8-10keV)光束线的束线组组长领导的这些进展(例如，能量域和时间域的X射线激发光学发光可以跟踪不同形貌、尺寸和缺陷分布的纳米结构中的能量和电荷转移动力学)，极大地增强了上述推进计划(1)的能力。我们将继续完善这些能力--重要的领域：(A)最近在中国科学院的SX袁光束线投入使用的最先进的硬X射线光电子能谱站(高达10keV的X射线能量，具有出色的灵敏度和能量分辨率)将提供前所未有的能力来研究底层和埋藏的界面；(B)最先进的软X射线微探测器(与环境和生物材料有关的元素的形态，如钙、S、磷、氯和钾，以及催化剂，如Rh、Pd和Ag)正在调试中；(C)在CLS的SGM光束线上安装最先进的光学条纹相机(所有同步加速器中的第一台)，以研究纳米结构将X射线转化为可见光的动力学，进而揭示系统的电子结构；(D)CLS的SGM和PGM正在升级，配备椭圆偏振波荡器和KB反射镜，以提供偏振调谐和微束能力，进一步加强CLS本已生产力很高的设施；及(E)基于MiniXS设计的最先进的X射线发射分析仪，用于CEL3和TB L3边缘的高分辨率X射线荧光。分析器使用罗兰圆上的Ge(440)晶体和像素阵列探测器(例如Pilatus 100K垫)，在~4500 eV的~4500 eV下提供~0.8 eV的分辨率用于X射线发射(RIXS和RXES)研究。*拟议的研究不仅将增强材料(属性、性能等)的协同性。而同步加速器分析能力不仅为我的研究提供了前所未有的技术，还为CLS用户社区提供了前所未有的技术。

We propose to conduct research in two intimately related fronts: (1) functional nanomaterials, fundamental properties and applications in energy, environment, drug delivery and metal- biomaterial interface and (2) development and application of synchrotron based advanced photon techniques, especially high energy resolution electron spectroscopy, high energy resolution X-ray (absorption and emission) spectroscopy, and microscopy in tracking the electronic behaviour of functional nanomaterials and composites, and as importantly, their desired properties and performance in a designed functionality.*In (1), we will study a series of nanostructures with different composition, morphology, structure and size, involving two most technologically relevant elements, silicon and carbon, and many metal oxide semiconductors including titanium oxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide as well as nanometallic system and nanocarbon composites (e.g. Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotube and graphene). We will continue to develop methodologies for controlled synthesis of nanomaterials with desired composition, size, morphology, crystal structure and in X-ray spectroscopy characterization (absorption and photoelectron) using a tunable X-ray source (synchrotron).*In (2), we have developed a number of powerful techniques over the last ten years when the Canadian Light Source (CLS) became available for furthering in-depth investigation and development. These developments (e.g. X-ray excited optical luminescence in both the energy and time domain can track energy and charge transfer dynamics in nanostructures of different morphology, size and defect distribution), which I led as a Beam-team Leader of the SGM (250 -2 keV), PGM (10 - 250 eV) and SXRMB (1.8-10 keV) beamline at the Canadian Light Source, has greatly enhanced the capabilities in advancing program (1) described above. We will continue to perfect these capabilities - significant areas: (a) a state-of-the-art hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy station (up to 10 keV X-ray energy with excellent sensitivity and energy resolution) recently commissioned at the SXRMB beamline of the CLS will deliver unprecedented capabilities to investigate the underlayer and buried interface; (b) a state-of-the-art soft X-ray microprobe (speciation of elements relevant to environment and biomaterials, e.g. Ca, S, P, Cl and K, and catalysts, e.g. Rh, Pd and Ag) is under commission; (c) a state-of-the-art optical streak camera on the SGM beamline at CLS (first in all synchrotrons) to study the dynamics in the conversion of X-ray into visible light by nanostructures, which in turn reveals the electronic structure of the system; (d) both SGM and PGM at CLS are being upgraded with elliptically polarized undulators and KB mirrors to provide polarization tunability and microbeam capabilities, further enhancing the already highly productive facilities at the CLS; and (e) a state-of-the-art X-ray emission analyser based on the MiniXS design for high resolution X-ray fluorescence from the Ce L3 and Tb L3 edge. The analyzer using Ge(440) crystals on a Rowland circle combined with a pixel array detector (e.g. the Pilatus 100K PAD) provides a resolution of ~ 0.8 eV at ~ 4500 eV for X-ray emission (RIXS and RXES) studies.*The proposed research will not only enhance the synergy of materials (properties, performance, etc.) and synchrotron analysis capabilities for my research but also provides unprecedented techniques to the CLS users' community.