The Strategic Use of Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage for Residential Demand-side Management

空间调节和家庭热水负荷占加拿大住宅能源使用的80%以上。这些负荷在冬季早晨（空间供暖和热水使用）和夏季下午（空间冷却）对公用电网产生了显著的峰值能源需求。这对电网产生了一些负面影响，包括所需的生产能力和配电能力的增加。因此，由于基础设施老化和快速接近容量，减少电网的峰值能源需求在未来十年至关重要。作为回应，安大略省和新斯科舍省（占加拿大人口的41%）的公用事业供应商在高峰时期（即使用时间计费）实施了费率溢价。这种做法是为了鼓励消费者将用电从高峰时段转移到非高峰时段。*******热泵和储热的使用可以通过存储能源来缓解非高峰时期和建筑居住者需求之间的时间能量不匹配，从而减少高峰时期对化石燃料的需求。研究计划的总体目标是发现创新的概念，使用热泵和蓄热用于住宅需求侧管理。*******该计划支持由实验分析支持的组件级数值模拟组成的基础研究。完整的热泵蓄热系统的数值模拟将在TRNSYS软件中实现，并根据卡尔顿大学太阳能系统实验室的受控实验室实验数据进行验证。承担本研究的2名博士和2名硕士。学生将被招募并解决以下四个短期目标：*******Obj。A：显热和潜热储存的评估及其与住宅热泵的集成以减少高峰公用事业需求****对象。B：蓄热和冷气候空气源热泵的集成，以改善季节性性能****目的。C：发展控制策略以抵消生活热水负荷高峰****目标。D：结合热泵与太阳能：太阳能热能与光伏的性能比较*******预计这些新系统将有助于分布式热能和电力（智能电网）能源解决方案的发展趋势，以减少对加拿大能源消耗的长期影响，并减少峰值电力负荷、能源成本和温室气体排放。预计该项目将推动暖通空调增值设计、传热和控制系统的行业创新，并将促进暖通空调的发展和培训。研究生将学习如何使用建筑能源研究中必不可少的现代设备，如数据采集和控制系统、热和流体测量仪器以及能源模拟工具

Space conditioning and domestic hot water loads account for over 80 percent of the residential energy use in Canada. These loads place significant peak energy demand on the utility grid during winter mornings (space heating and hot water use) and summer afternoons (space cooling). This has a number of negative impacts on the electricity grid, including an increase in required production capacity and distribution capabilities. As a result, reducing peak energy demand on the grid is paramount over the next decade due to infrastructure aging and rapidly approaching capacity. In response, utility providers in Ontario and Nova Scotia (accounting for 41% of Canada's population) have implemented rate premiums during peak periods (i.e., time of use billing). This practice is used to encourage consumers to shift their electricity use from on-peak to off-peak periods.*******The use of heat pumps and thermal storage can alleviate the temporal energy mismatch between off-peak periods and building occupant demands by allowing energy to be stored, thus reducing demand on fossil fuels during peak periods. The overall objective of the research program is aimed at discovering innovative concepts to use heat pumps and thermal storage for residential demand-side management.*******The program supports fundamental research consisting of component level numerical modelling, supported by experimental analysis. Numerical simulations of complete heat pump thermal storage systems will be implemented in the TRNSYS software and validated against experimental data obtained from controlled laboratory experiments at the Solar Energy Systems Laboratory at Carleton University. To undertake this research, 2 Ph.D. and 2 M.A.Sc. students will be recruited and address the following four short-term objectives:*******Obj. A: Evaluation of sensible and latent thermal storages and their integration with residential heat pumps to reduce peak utility demand****Obj. B: Integration of thermal storage and cold climate air source heat pumps for improved seasonal performance****Obj. C: Development of control strategies to offset peak domestic hot water loads****Obj. D: Combining heat pumps with solar energy: performance comparison between solar thermal and photovoltaics*******It is expected that these new systems will contribute to growing trends for distributed thermal and electrical (smart grid) energy solutions to reduce the long-term impact on Canadian energy consumption, and reduce peak electrical loads, energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. It is anticipated that this program will drive industry innovations in value-added HVAC design, heat transfer and control systems, and will foster the development and training of HQP. Graduate students will be trained in the use of modern equipment essential for building energy studies such as data acquisition and control systems, instrumentation for thermal and fluid measurements, and energy simulation tools.***