Investigation of High-rise Building Ventilation for Achieving Safety and Energy Efficiency

加拿大承诺到2050年将温室气体（GHG）排放量减少到2005年水平的80%。建筑行业约占加拿大能源消耗的29%，温室气体排放量的近25%。与其他类型的建筑相比，高层建筑的冷负荷更高，能耗更大，这导致加拿大公用电网在夏季出现电力需求高峰。因此，降低高层建筑的冷负荷对节能降耗和高峰用电需求至关重要。高层通风冷却（HVC）已被证明是降低冷却负荷的有效解决方案。由于加拿大寒冷的气候，一年四季都有很长一段时间可以使用HVC，不仅在冬季，在夏季也可以使用。HVC在加拿大的广泛应用可以帮助加拿大实现向具有竞争力和弹性的低碳经济转型的承诺。然而，消防安全是暖通空调广泛应用的主要问题。高层建筑大垂直空间的烟囱效应有利于暖通空调的发展，但也是高层建筑防火防烟的一大挑战。虽然以往的研究主要集中在暖通空调的能效或安全性问题上，但很少同时研究这两个方面以及相关的暖通空调优化设计。因此，高层通风与安全的矛盾没有得到解决，阻碍了HVC应用的推广，成为加拿大实现承诺的障碍。******本研究计划的总体目标是通过考虑建筑安全和能源效率两方面来优化寒冷气候下的暖通空调设计。为了实现这一目标，研究计划将解决以下文献空白：(1)高层通风传热传质和火灾烟雾控制的理论研究；(2)兼顾建筑安全和节能的冷气候条件下暖通空调优化设计；(3)高层通风实现安全节能的案例研究。******这将是第一个关于建筑能源效率和安全的跨学科研究项目。这将有助于深入了解高层通风和烟雾控制中的传热传质，优化暖通空调设计和真正的暖通空调在加拿大的应用。申请人将获国家科学研究委员会探索资助，在世界范围内率先研究和应用通风冷却在高层建筑中的应用。它将促进的应用

Canada has made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. The buildings sector accounts for roughly 29% of energy use in Canada and almost 25% of GHG emissions. Compared with other types of buildings, high-rise buildings have a higher cooling load and are more energy intensive, which leads to periods of peak electricity demand on the utility grid in Canada during the summer. Therefore, reducing the cooling load of high-rise buildings is critical to energy savings and reduction of peak electricity demand. High-rise ventilative cooling (HVC) has proved to be an effective solution for reducing cooling load. Due to Canada's cold climate, HVC is available for a long time throughout the year, not only during the shoulder season, but also in summer. Wide application of HVC in Canada could help Canada realize its commitment in transitioning to a competitive and resilient low-carbon economy. However, fire safety is a major concern for wide HVC application. The stack effect in the large vertical spaces of high-rise buildings is beneficial for HVC but is also a great challenge for high-rise fire smoke protection. Although previous studies have focused on the issue of energy efficiency or safety of HVC, few of them have investigated these two aspects simultaneously and the associated optimum HVC design. Therefore, the conflict between high-rise ventilation and safety has not been solved, which has impeded the promotion of HVC application and become an obstacle for Canada in realizing its commitment. ******The overall objective of this research program is to optimize HVC design in cold climates by considering both aspects of building safety and energy efficiency. To achieve this, the research program will address the following gaps in the literature: (1) theoretical study of heat and mass transfer in high-rise ventilation and fire smoke control; (2) optimum HVC design in cold climates by considering both aspects of building safety and energy efficiency; (3) case study of high-rise ventilation for achieving safety and energy efficiency.******This will be one of the first interdisciplinary research programs on building energy efficiency and safety. It will contribute to a deep understanding of heat and mass transfer in high-rise ventilation and smoke control, optimum HVC design and real HVC application in Canada. With support from the NSERC Discovery Grant, the applicant will pioneer the research and application of ventilative cooling in high-rise buildings in the world. It will promote the application of