Unravelling the importance of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in the plant redox biology

活性氧(ROS)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、超氧阴离子(O_2-)和羟基自由基(HO)是激活基因表达和控制生长发育的小分子。ROS可分为两种作用模式：氧化应激和氧化还原生物学。氧化应激是ROS产生和解毒系统失衡的结果，最终导致细胞死亡。氧化还原生物学是指ROS作为信号分子并控制重要的细胞功能。环境变化在氧化应激和氧化还原生物学之间对ROS的作用方式有很大影响。与氧化胁迫相比，ROS信号转导的分子机制仍然知之甚少，特别是在植物中。我的研究将探讨这样一种假设，即蛋白质羰化是一种生物上相关的翻译后修饰，介导植物中的ROS信号和功能。这项研究的长期目标是识别和表征控制植物生长和生物量的ROS信号机制。为了实现这一目标，我的研究的具体目标是：1)检验植物中蛋白质羰化产生ROS信号的假说；2)研究细胞内铁对蛋白质羰化和ROS信号的影响；3)研究胁迫响应的乙醛脱氢酶对蛋白质羰化的影响。这项研究的结果将包括关于植物中蛋白质甲基化调节的生物学功能以及植物如何控制甲基化的信息，甲基化是一种非酶翻译后修饰，用于信号传递目的。基于这些结果，人们将有可能研究ROS如何通过蛋白质羰化来控制植物的生长和发育。拟议的研究计划将提供一种新的理解，即环境线索如何在细胞和分子水平上准确地传达给植物。这些信息可以帮助制定新的生物技术解决方案，以防止或扭转环境变化(干旱、高盐度、微生物感染等)的不利影响。在庄稼上。

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical anion (O2-), and hydroxyl radical (HO) are small molecules that activate gene expression and control several aspects of growth and development. Two modes of action can be distinguished for ROS: oxidative stress and redox biology. Oxidative stress results from the imbalance between the ROS production and detoxification systems, and ultimately leads to cell death. Redox biology is when ROS act as signalling molecules and control vital cellular functions. Environmental changes highly influence the mode of action of ROS between oxidative stress and redox biology. Compared to the oxidative stress, the molecular mechanisms of ROS signalling are still poorly understood, particularly in plants. My research will investigate the hypothesis that protein carbonylation is a biologically relevant posttranslational modification mediating ROS signalling and functions in plants. The long-term goal of this research is to identify and characterise ROS signalling mechanisms controlling the plant growth and biomass. To achieve this goal, my specific objectives for this research are i) to test the hypothesis of ROS signalling by protein carbonylation in plants, ii) to investigate the influence of intracellular iron on protein carbonylation and ROS signalling, and iii) to examine the influence of stress-responsive Aldehyde Dehydrogenases on protein carbonylation. The outcomes of this research will include information about the biological functions regulated by protein carbonylation in plants and how plants control carbonylation, a non-enzymatic post-translational modification, for signalling purpose. Based on these results, it will then be possible to study how ROS control plant growth and development through protein carbonylation. The proposed research program will provide a novel understanding of how environmental cues are precisely communicated to plants at cellular and molecular levels. This information can help formulate new biotechnological solutions to prevent or reverse detrimental effects of environmental changes (drought, high salinity, microbial infection, etc.) on the crops.