Blast load effects on the design and response of critical infrastructure

2001年“9·11”恐怖袭击和2006年加拿大“多伦多18”未遂事件改变了加拿大的安全态势。为了保护基础设施和人民免受日益逼近的恐怖主义威胁，在设计新的和修复现有基础设施时列入了防爆设计要求。如今，政府和“标志性”建筑的所有者试图了解建筑在恐怖袭击面前的脆弱性，并寻求适当的解决方案，以提高这些建筑及其居住者的生存能力。工程界最大的障碍是对恐怖主义威胁的理解，将现有的物理安全措施纳入综合缓解设计，以及结构构件对爆炸荷载的反应。***大多数关于防爆设计的研究是从冷战时期开始的，针对的是军用设施和基础设施。今天，恐怖分子的爆炸主要针对民用基础设施，这些基础设施是为了美观、轻便和经济而建造的，因此缺乏抵抗爆炸载荷的能力。因此，有必要为民用基础设施制定防爆设计原则。***本提案的目的是制定针对爆炸荷载的临界承重柱的设计程序和指南。该项目遵循正在进行的研究，以了解柱的设计和细节对其在近场爆炸载荷下的响应的影响。***拟议的研究包括钢筋混凝土柱的活爆试验和数值模拟。数值模拟将补充有限的实验测试，并用于参数化研究，以确定不同配筋率（纵向和横向），配筋细节和轴向荷载水平对RC柱响应的影响。该项目的结果将是具有成本效益的设计（改造）方法，以减轻与爆炸相关的危害。***拟建研究将培养5名研究生，研究方向为爆炸载荷效应、极端载荷下的结构响应和高应变率下的材料响应。该计划将分别为新的和现有的关键基础设施提出有效的设计和改造方法，以限制加拿大公众的伤害和死亡

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the foiled actions of the "Toronto 18" in Canada in 2006 have changed the security posture in Canada. The need to protect infrastructure and the population against the ever looming terrorist threat has seen the inclusion of blast-resistant design requirements in the design of new and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Today, governments and owners of "iconic" structures seek to understand the vulnerability of structures to terrorist action and appropriate solutions to increase the survivability of these structures and their occupants. The greatest hindrance to the engineering community is an understanding of the terrorist threat, incorporating existing physical security measures into a comprehensive mitigation design, and response of structural members to blast loads.***Most of the research on blast-resistant design is from the cold-war era and was targeted at military-type installations and infrastructures. Today, terrorist explosions are primarily against civilian infrastructure that was built for aesthetics, lightweight, and economy and thus lack resistance against blast loading. Thus there is a need to develop blast-resistant design principles for civilian infrastructure.***The objective of this proposal is to develop design procedures and guidelines for critical load-bearing columns against blast loading. The project follows on-going research to understand the effect of column design and detailing on their response under near-field blast loading.***The proposed research involves live explosion testing and numerical modelling of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The numerical modeling will supplement the limited experimental testing and be used in parametric studies to establish the effects of different reinforcement ratios (longitudinal and transverse), reinforcement detailing, and axial load levels on the response of RC columns.The outcome of the project will be cost-effective design (retrofit) methodologies to mitigate the hazards associated explosions. ***The proposed research will train 5 graduate students in the areas of blast load effects, structural response under extreme loading, and material response under high-strain rates. The program will propose effective design and retrofit methodologies for new and existing critical infrastructure respectively to limit injuries and fatalities to the Canadian public.**