Brain Mechanisms Underlying Human Motion Perception

看到运动物体的能力是所有动物视觉的一个基本方面。我的长期研究目标是了解人类大脑如何实现对运动的感知。运动知觉随着时间的推移而成熟。因此，为了了解正常的运动知觉，我研究了典型和非典型类型的视觉发展。在人类中，没有感知运动的能力是罕见的，但某些条件会影响感知特定类型运动的能力。儿童运动知觉的发展也因不同类型而异。** 通常会根据大脑中的潜在路径或流来解释感知能力。通常，形状和颜色感知与腹侧流有关，运动感知与背侧流有关。一个流行的观点是，基于发育障碍患者运动感知问题的普遍性，背侧流在儿童时期比腹侧流更容易受到损害。然而，视觉处理的背侧/腹侧观点过于简单化，最近的证据表明腹侧流与运动感知有关，至少在低速时是这样。这就对背流脆弱性概念的有用性提出了质疑。在接下来的5年里，我的项目的短期目标是通过使用两种非侵入性技术识别参与处理不同类型和速度的运动的大脑区域来解决这一争议。1)我们将使用计算机“游戏”，通过严格的行为测试（心理物理学）来测量感知不同类型运动的能力。2)同时，我们将使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来确认参与处理不同类型运动的大脑区域。** 我们将确定儿童和青少年（3至17岁）不同类型运动感知的典型成熟，重点关注特定刺激参数的作用，如运动速度。为了评估运动通路的脆弱性，我们将使用心理物理学和功能磁共振成像来测量由非典型发育引起的运动感知的变化（例如，弱视，阅读障碍，早产）。**我的实验室的方法是独特的，因为我们使用典型和非典型的发展来理解人类运动感知的正常机制，我们综合了从心理物理学和功能磁共振成像技术中获得的信息，这些技术适用于儿童。我们的工作将提供新的知识来挑战现有的运动感知模型，并帮助解决当前的一些争议。我们将开发可以与其他研究人员共享的软件工具和研究范式，并为未来的研究提供规范性数据。这将对因神经障碍或脑损伤而导致视力问题的个人产生实际影响。**

The ability to see objects in motion is a fundamental aspect of vision in all animals. My long-term research goal is to understand how the perception of motion is achieved by the human brain. Motion perception develops over time with maturation. Thus, to understand normal motion perception, I study typical and atypical types of visual development. In humans, it is rare to have no ability to perceive motion, but certain conditions affect the ability to perceive specific types of motion. The development of motion perception in children also differs for each of the different types. ******It is common to interpret perceptual abilities in terms of the underlying pathways or streams in the brain. Typically, form and colour perception are linked to the ventral stream and motion perception to the dorsal stream. A popular suggestion, based on the prevalence of problems with motion perception in people with developmental disorders, is that the dorsal stream is more vulnerable to damage during childhood than the ventral stream. However, the dorsal/ventral view of visual processing is too simplistic, and more recent evidence implicates the ventral stream in motion perception, at least for slow speeds. This brings into question the usefulness of the notion of dorsal stream vulnerability.******In the next 5 years, the short-term goal of my program is to address this controversy by identifying the brain regions involved in processing different types and speeds of motion using two non-invasive techniques. 1) We will use computer "games", with rigorous behavioural testing (psychophysics), to measure the ability to perceive different types of motion. 2) At the same time, we will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to confirm the brain regions involved in processing different types of motion. ******We will determine the typical maturation of different types of motion perception during childhood and adolescence (age 3 to 17 years), with a focus on the role of specific stimulus parameters such as the speed of the motion. To assess the vulnerability of the motion pathways, we will use psychophysics and fMRI to measure changes in motion perception caused by atypical development (e.g., lazy eye, dyslexia, prematurity).******The approach of my lab is unique in that we use both typical and atypical development to understand normal mechanisms of human motion perception, and we synthesize information obtained from psychophysical and fMRI techniques adapted for use with children. Our work will provide new knowledge to challenge existing models of motion perception and help resolve some current controversies. We will develop software tools and research paradigms that can be shared with other researchers, and we will provide normative data for future studies. There will be practical implications for individuals with visual problems caused by neural disorders or brain injury.**