Catalyst Design and Optimization through Temperature Programmed Analyses

气转液(GTL)工艺是将温室气体转化为液体燃料的可行平台。GTL工艺包括两个步骤：i)将甲烷(CH4)或二氧化碳(CO2)转化为合成气(氢+一氧化碳=H2+CO的混合物)；ii)通过产生长链烃的Fischer-Tropsch过程(FTP)将合成气反应成燃料。*石油行业处理包括废弃天然气(CH4)和燃烧气体(CO2)在内的滋扰气体。这代表着一种有利可图的碳基潜力。我们开发了一种微型GTL概念，首先将天然气转化为合成气(通过催化部分氧化cPOX)，然后通过ftp转化为柴油。这创造了石油公司非常感兴趣的收入来源，并清理了油田服务。同样的微型GTL概念也适用于将二氧化碳从工业排放或其他类型的排放转化为合成气，首先(通过反向水煤气变换RWGS)，然后通过瞄准喷气燃料削减(C8-C16)进行ftp。所有提到的过程(cPOX、ftp、wgs)都依赖于多相催化剂。设计GTL活性催化剂需要了解反应的基本原理，包括催化表面的热力学和动力学行为。例如，一个巨大的挑战是减少焦炭，这需要基本的热力学知识。*我们要求TPX(X=脱附(D)、氧化(O)、还原(R)、反应(Rx))收集关于特定试剂可用的催化剂活性中心数量(TPD)、催化剂表面和本体上的金属中心数量(0价)以及它们的氧化还原性能和强度(TPO/TPR)的定量信息，并通过一次测试确定催化剂活性最高的温度(TPRx)。*在TPX中，气体流经催化剂，检测器(例如热导检测器)分析组成，同时炉子将其置于温度程序中。平均分析时间为60-120分钟。它可靠，维护和操作成本低(约2000加元/年)。*使用TPX开发和表征催化剂将大大提高许多学生的研究质量。考虑到申请者仅有的团队，到2021年将培训20多名HQP。UdeM、McGill、USherbrooke和NRC都是可能的用户。该仪器的收购将培训HQP在关键和相关的多相催化领域。由于80%以上的化工过程依赖于多相催化，相关的经济效益和社会效益令人震惊，催化占世界生产总值的30%。经过培训使用TPX的HQP不仅能够在材料合成、催化剂设计和表征以及GTL工艺等领域工作，而且他们的技能在环境科学、食品工程和制药工业等领域也有市场。**

Gas-to-liquids (GtL) processes are a feasible platform to convert greenhouse gases into liquid fuels. GtL processes comprise two steps i) convert methane (CH4) or carbon dioxide (CO2) to syngas (a mixture of hydrogen + carbon monoxide = H2 + CO) and ii) react the syngas to fuels by the Fischer-Tropsch process (FTP) that produces long chain hydrocarbons. ***The oil industry deals with nuisance gases including wasted natural gas (CH4) and flared gas (CO2). This represents a lucrative carbon-based potential. We developed a micro-GtL concept that converts natural gas first to syngas (by catalytic partial oxidation cPOX) and then to diesel by FTP. This creates a revenue stream that is of great interest to oil companies and clean up oil field services. The same micro-GtL concept is applicable to convert CO2 from industrial or other types of emissions to syngas first (by reversed water gas shift RWGS) and then FTP by targeting the jet fuel cut (C8-C16). All the processes mentioned (cPOX, FTP, WGS) rely on a heterogeneous catalyst. Designing GtL active catalysts requires understanding the basic principles of reactions, including the thermodynamic and kinetis behaviour of catalytic surfaces. For instance, a huge challenge is to reduce coke, which requires a basic understanding of thermodynamics.***We request a TPX (X = desorption (D), oxidation (O), reduction (R), reaction (Rx)) to collect quantitative information on the number of a catalyst's active sites available to a specific reagent (TPD), the number of metallic sites (valence 0) on a catalyst surface and in the bulk, as well their redox properties and their strength (TPO/TPR), and identify with a single test the temperature at which the activity of the catalyst is the highest (TPRx). ***In a TPX, a gas flows through the catalyst, and a detector (e.g. thermal conductivity detector) analyzes the composition while a furnace subjects it to a temperature program. The average analysis time is 60-120 min. It is reliable, with low maintenance and operation costs (~ 2000 CA$/y).***The quality of research of many students will be greatly enhanced with a TPX to develop and characterize catalysts. Considering the only teams of the applicants, over 20 HQP will be trained by 2021. UdeM, McGill, USherbrooke and NRC are all possible users. The acquisition of this instrument will train HQP in the critical and relevant field of heterogeneous catalysis. With over 80% of the chemical processes relying on heterogeneous catalysis, the associated economic and societal benefits are staggering catalysis accounts for 30% of the world's gross product. The HQP trained to use the TPX, not only will be able to work in fields such as materials synthesis, catalyst design and characterization, and GtL processes, but their skills will be also marketable in fields such as environmental sciences, food engineering, and in the pharmaceutical industry. **