High precision tests of the running of the weak mixing angle with the MOLLER and P2 experiments

我们进行的实验旨在测量电子对与夸克之间的相互作用特性，其分离距离精确到摄氏温度计（大约比最小原子核的大小小100万倍），达到前所未有的精度。人们普遍预计，在如此小的距离上可能会发现全新的相互作用，包括那些与暗物质耦合的相互作用，并可能解释粒子物理学和宇宙学中一些最深奥的未解问题（如大物质反物质不对称）。暗物质的存在是天体物理现象的主要解释，比如反常的星系旋转速度。寻找暗物质，以及与之相关的新物理学，目前是世界范围内亚原子物理学研究的前沿。建议项目中最具创新性的方面都包含在我们的技术解决方案中，以应对在达到建议精度的清洁测量中涉及的极端挑战。MOLLER电子相互作用实验将成为最近升级的托马斯·杰斐逊国家加速器设施JLab科学项目的基石，该实验室是由美国能源部（DOE）资助的位于美国纽波特纽斯的一流电子束加速器实验室。这项实验是一项国际合作，包括来自美国和加拿大（牵头国），以及德国、意大利、法国和墨西哥的合作者。P2夸克相互作用实验目前正在德国美因茨的MESA设施中进行，涉及来自德国，美国和加拿大的合作者。像这样的基础研究的主要好处是产生新的知识和对自然的理解，这样的高调努力为加拿大创造的国际知名度，可能的衍生技术，以及为技术部门培养高素质人才（HQP）的独特培训。这些工作所需的一些探测器开发将具有一种新型的光敏读出装置，该装置将现代微芯片技术与精密低噪声模拟电子技术结合到单个探测器单元中。这些设备最终可能会在医疗诊断部门或个人辐射监测中上市。这些都是大型项目，具有从物理学以外的几个研究领域（包括工程和计算机科学）培训HQP的高能力。参与该项目的学生和博士后将获得广泛的技能，包括设计和实践方面的技能，包括传感器、微电子、机械装配、高真空系统、大规模编程和大型数据集分析。这些人将具备在许多不同领域成为宝贵员工或企业家的技能，包括但不限于信息技术、医疗、能源、金融或公共部门。

The experiments we carry out aim to measure the interaction properties between pairs of electrons and quarks down to separation distances of zeptometer (roughly a million times smaller than the size of the smallest atomic nucleus) to unprecedented accuracy. It is widely expected that completely new interactions may be found at such small distances, including those that couple to dark matter, and may explain some of the deepest unanswered questions in particle physics and cosmology (such as the large matter antimatter asymmetry). The existence of dark matter is the leading explanation for astrophysical phenomena, such as anomalous galactic rotation speeds. The search for dark matter, and new physics that couples to it, is currently at the forefront of the worldwide research effort in subatomic physics. The most innovative aspects of the proposed project are encapsulated in our technical solutions to the extreme challenges involved in making a clean measurement to the proposed accuracy. The MOLLER electron interaction experiment will be a cornerstone of the scientific program at the recently upgraded Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility JLab , a premier electron beam accelerator laboratory located in Newport News, USA, funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE). The experiment is an international effort involving collaborators from the USA and Canada (the lead countries), as well as Germany, Italy, France, and Mexico. The P2 quark interaction experiment is currently under construction at the MESA facility in Mainz, Germany and involves collaborators from Germany, the USA, and Canada. The primary benefits of fundamental research like this are the generation of new knowledge and understanding about nature, the international visibility that high profile efforts like this create for Canada, possible spin-off technologies, and the unique training of highly qualified personnel (HQP) for the technology sector. Some of the needed detector development for these efforts will have a new type of photosensitive readout device that combines modern day microchip technology with precision low noise analog electronics into a single detector unit. These devices could eventually be marketable in the medical diagnostic sector or for personal radiation monitoring. These are large projects with a high capacity for training of HQP from several fields of study beyond physics, including engineering, and computer science. Students and postdocs on this project will acquire a broad set of skills, both on the design and the practical side, including working with sensors, micro-electronics, mechanical assemblies, high vacuum systems, large scale programming, and large data set analysis. These people will have the skill set to be invaluable employees or entrepreneurs in many different sectors, including but not limited to the, information technology, medical, energy, financial, or public sectors.