Energy-efficient building envelopes for commercial greenhouse applications for vegetable production in Northern Canada

在严重依赖南方粮食的北部和偏远社区，粮食安全和负担能力是一个长期存在的问题。社区菜园和温室被视为可行和可持续的解决方案，以尽量减少对从南方进口的昂贵食品的依赖。温室的能源消耗、湿度控制和通风都是大问题。温室的室内外温差可能高达80°C。大量的室内湿气及其废气使问题变得非常复杂。围护结构在控制温室温度和湿度方面起着至关重要的作用。总部位于马尼托巴的OCN智能农场公司计划采用韩国的技术，在集装箱中种植蔬菜、草药和水果，并将其商业化。该技术最初由韩国农业系统技术（KAST）工程有限公司开发并商业化。虽然OCN智能农场的种植面积为900平方英尺（每条4车道x 4层），但OCN智能农场将利用集装箱种植作物。这个集装箱是为南亚地区设计的，那里的气候完全不同。该项目的目标是将KAST技术应用于加拿大环境。KAST技术的适应是通过对建筑围护结构的改造和调整。本项目将开发三种建筑围护结构系统。这些建筑围护结构系统将在双环境室中进行测试，同时在系统中安装温度、湿度和热流传感器。当腔室运行时，传感器会测量变量。根据在受控环境中进行的这些测试结果，将选择最佳的建筑围护结构系统进行原型设计和在极端气候条件下的现场测试。

Food security and affordability are a prolonged problem in northern and remote communities who are heavily dependent on the South for food. Community gardens and greenhouses are seen as viable and sustainable solutions to minimize the reliance on costly foods imported from the South. Energy consumption, moisture control, and ventilation of the greenhouse are big problems. The temperature difference between outdoors and indoors of a greenhouse could be as high as 80°C. Extensive indoor moisture and its exhaust make the issues very complicated. Building envelope plays a vital role in controlling the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse. The OCN Smart Farm, a Manitoba-based Company, plans to adopt and commercialize a South Korean technology to grow vegetables, herbs, and fruit in shipping containers. The technology was initially developed and commercialized by Korea Agriculture System & Technology (KAST) Engineering Co. Ltd. While the OCN Smart Farm is 900 square feet of growing capacity (4 lanes x 4 layers each), the OCN Smart Farm will utilize shipping containers to grow crops. The container is designed for a South Asia region, which has an entirely different climate. The objective of this project is to adopt the KAST technology for the Canadian environment. The adaptation of the KAST technology is through modification and adjustment of the building envelope. Three building envelope systems will be developed in this project. These building envelope systems will be tested in dual-environmental chambers, while temperature humidity and heat flux sensors are installed in the systems. The sensors measure the variables as the chambers are operating. Based on the findings of these tests in a controlled environment, the optimum building envelope system will be selected for prototyping and field-testing in extreme climatic conditions.