GRACE and GRACE-FO data integration and modelling for geoscience applications

值得注意的是，对于我们的星球、海洋、大气和北极地区，以及它们对气候和环境产生深远影响的长期变化，人们仍然知之甚少。这些变化过去是通过地面手段和方法监测的，而今天的技术使我们能够以更低的成本快速、高效地继续从太空监测。然而，为了捕捉我们星球的细微细节，监测卫星必须在低空运行，通常在250-1000公里之间。这意味着卫星一直处于热层，这是地球大气层的上层，在那里发生了许多强烈甚至极端的过程，如高温变化、太阳辐射、磁暴和太阳风等，这些都可以被描述为空间天气。空间天气的极端变化和相应的磁暴影响了我们的卫星，最重要的是，在我们的情况下，以一种不寻常的方式干扰了卫星的测量。为了从卫星测量中提取有用的信息，必须充分了解并最终消除干扰，这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，在许多情况下是不可能的。我们的研究侧重于一组特定的卫星，即重力恢复与气候实验(GRACE)和GRACE后续卫星，其目的是追踪地球上水团的变化，例如大型湖泊、河流、地下水、土壤湿度、冰盖和冰川的变化，或直接反映我们环境和气候变化的固体地球上的构造、大型山体滑坡和大地震以及大气变化。这项研究的目的是研究空间天气如何影响这组被称为重力卫星的卫星所进行的测量，并发展数学和统计方法，通过这些方法，我们可以大大减少或消除测量对空间天气的影响，并提取关于我们的星球及其多变环境的有用信息。

It is remarkable that still little is known about our planet, its oceans, atmosphere, and arctic regions, as well as their long-term changes that have a profound effect on climate and the environment we leave in. Whereas these changes were monitored in the past with terrestrial means and methods, today's technology allows us to continue the monitoring from space quickly, efficiently and at a much lower cost. However, in order to capture the fine details of our planet, the monitoring satellites must orbit at low altitudes, typically between 250-1000 km. This means that the satellites are continuously in the thermosphere, the upper layer of the Earth's atmosphere where many intense and even extreme processes occur, such as high temperature variations, solar radiation, magnetic storms and solar winds among many others that can all be described as Space Weather'. Extreme variations in space weather and corresponding magnetic storms affect our satellites and most importantly, in our case, disturb the satellite measurements in an unusual way. In order to extract useful information from the satellite measurements, the disturbances must be well understood and eventually eliminated, a task that is very challenging and in many cases impossible. Our research focuses on a particular group of satellites, namely, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE follow-on, whose purpose is to track changes of the Earth's water mass, for instance in large lakes, rivers, underground water, soil moisture, ice sheets, and glaciers or changes in the solid Earth, such as tectonics, large landslides and large earthquakes and atmospheric changes that directly reflect the changes in our environment and climate in particular. The aim of the research is to study how space weather contaminates the measurements taken by this group of satellites known as gravimetric satellites and to develop mathematical and statistical methods by which we can significantly reduce or eliminate the space weather influences from the measurements and extract useful information about our planet and its variable environment.