Latitude & Light; Phytoplankton Physiomics for a Changing World

光合浮游植物的生长支持水产生产力、大气气体平衡，并最终支持渔业收获。浮游植物的下沉速度决定了它们与消费者的互动，以及它们将碳和营养物质从表面输送到深海。现在这些浮游植物面临着前所未有的环境变化。坎贝尔小组在多种环境下培养不同的浮游植物细胞，同时跟踪它们的生长和下沉，以了解它们与不断变化的环境的相互作用。 随着气候变化，许多浮游植物正在向极地转移，以保持它们喜欢的温度和水质，使物种进入新的光周期。我们推测，光周期有助于确定目前的浮游植物分布，并可能限制其未来的分布。低氧区现在正在海洋和沿海地区蔓延，而人类活动给沿海沃茨带来了新的营养条件。因此，我们将光周期，温度，营养物质和氧气的矩阵应用于平行的微培养，同时监测它们的生长，下沉速率和生理学，以了解它们当前和未来分布的限制。 作为副产品，浮游植物产生有毒的活性氧（ROS）。我们假设扩散限制了毒性ROS离开大细胞，这必须依赖于昂贵的ROS解毒由自己的基因编码。相比之下，小型浮游植物可以依靠ROS扩散出细胞，被共存细菌分解。这一假设预测了ROS解毒基因在不同的小型浮游植物中的损失，但不是大型浮游植物，通过基因组比较进行测试。该假说还预测，小型浮游植物将更好地科普内部产生的ROS，这些ROS可以通过扩散离开，而大型浮游植物将更好地科普来自外部来源的ROS，受到相同的扩散限制的保护，使它们对内部产生的ROS敏感。 我小组的学生学习在浮游植物群体的广泛分类范围内应用生长，成分和生物光学分析，以了解它们对复杂的相互作用的环境变化的反应，以及它们将来会在哪里生长（或无法生长）。通过他们的项目，学生学习可转移的技能设计，分析和呈现高吞吐量，并行数据捕获，适用于许多领域。

Photosynthetic phytoplankton growth supports aquatic productivity, atmospheric gas balances and ultimately fishery harvests. Phytoplankton sinking velocity then determines their interactions with consumers, and their delivery of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep ocean. Now these phytoplankton face unprecedented change in their environments. The Campbell group grows diverse phytoplankton cells under multiple environments, while tracking their growth and sinking, to understand their interactions with changing environments. With climate change many phytoplankton are shifting polewards to keep within their preferred temperatures and water qualities, bringing species into new photoperiods. We hypothesize that photoperiod helps determine current phytoplankton distributions, and may limit their future distributions. Low oxygen zones are now spreading in ocean and coastal regions, while human activity imposes new nutrient conditions on coastal waters. We therefore apply matrices of photoperiod, temperatures, nutrients and oxygen to parallel microcultures, while monitoring their growth, sinking rates and physiology, to understand the limits on their current and future distributions. As a byproduct phytoplankton produce toxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). We hypothesize that diffusion limits toxic ROS from leaving large cells, which must rely upon expensive ROS detoxification encoded by their own genes. In contrast small phytoplankton can rely upon ROS diffusion out of the cell for breakdown by co-occurring bacteria. This hypothesis predicts the loss of ROS detoxification genes across diverse small, but not large, phytoplankton, to be tested through genome comparisons. The hypothesis also predicts that small phytoplankton will cope better with internally generated ROS which can leave by diffusion, whereas large phytoplankton will cope better with ROS from outside sources, protected by the same diffusion limitation that renders them sensitive to internally produced ROS. The students in my group learn to apply growth, compositional, and biooptical analyses across the wide taxonomic range of phytoplankton groups, to understand their responses to complex, interacting environmental changes, and where they will grow (or fail to grow) in future. Through their projects students learn transferrable skills designing, analyzing and presenting high throughput, parallel data capture, applicable to many areas.