Soil Structure Interaction Analysis for Energy Foundations

不断增加的能源需求、不断减少的化石燃料储量以及对导致气候变化的碳排放有害影响的高度关注，使得寻找替代、可再生和清洁能源变得必要。风能和地热能是清洁和可再生的能源，可以通过建立海上风电场和建造结构基础来经济地提取，这些基础具有从地面提取地热能和为建筑物和结构提供机械支持的双重目的。 最近在欧洲和世界其他地区安装的海上风力涡轮机(OWTs)已使总发电能力超过11,027兆瓦。OWTs大多建立在单桩基础上，可以沿着加拿大漫长的海岸线提供持续稳定的风能供应。单桩设计需要改进，特别是针对周期性负载，以提高风力发电场的成本效益和可靠性。 据估计，在住宅和商业建筑中使用地热能可以减少45%-80%的二氧化碳排放，节省18%-56%的成本。在加拿大，通过能量堆基础提取地热能是非常可行的，因为地球表面以下几英尺的温度在20-35摄氏度的狭窄范围内保持稳定。使用能量桩的主要问题是缺乏精确的设计方法，因此在加拿大打桩行业中，能量桩的可靠性并不是很好。 拟议的研究将通过以下方式解决目前单体桩和地热桩基础设计方面的空白：(1)开发支撑海上风力涡轮机单体桩的海洋沉积物的本构模型，(2)开发分析和数值框架以研究单体桩在循环荷载下的长期性能，(3)将分析扩展到考虑土壤性质的随机空间异质性的概率框架，(4)执行风力涡轮机单体桩的地震分析，(5)通过地热能桩应用的实验室试验来研究土壤和土-混凝土界面的热力行为，(6)开发热塑性，在此基础上，改进了风力发电机组和地热发电机组的设计方法，并对风力发电机组机组和地热发电机组进行了可持续性评价。 拟议的研究计划将为单体电堆和能量堆的分析和设计建立一个开创性的、合理的框架。由于该专业将认识到这项研究的价值，该框架将在实践中采用，这将有助于加拿大民用基础设施的可持续发展，使用清洁能源技术。

Increasing energy demands, dwindling fossil fuel reserves and a heightened concern for the detrimental effects of carbon emissions leading to climate change have made it necessary to search for alternate, renewable and clean energy sources. Wind and geothermal energies are clean and renewable energies that can be extracted economically by setting up offshore wind farms and by constructing structural foundations which serve the dual purpose of extracting geothermal energy from the ground and providing mechanical support to buildings and structures. Recent installations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in Europe and other parts of the world have led to a total power generation capacity of over 11,027 MW. OWTs are mostly founded on monopile foundations and can provide a continuous and steady supply of wind energy along the long coast lines of Canada. Monopile design requires improvement, particularly against cyclic loads, to improve the cost-effectiveness and reliability of the wind farms. It is estimated that the use of geothermal energy in residential and commercial buildings may lead to 45-80% reduction in CO2 emissions and to 18-56% cost savings. The extraction of geothermal energy through energy pile foundations is very viable in Canada, because the temperature at a few feet below the earth's surface remains stable within a narrow range of 20-35C. The main concern in using energy piles is the lack of a precise design method because of which the reliability of energy piles is not well established in the Canadian piling industry. The proposed research will address the current gaps in the design of monopile foundations and geothermal pile foundations by (1) developing constitutive models for marine deposits supporting offshore wind-turbine monopiles, (2) developing analytical and numerical frameworks to investigate the long-term performance of monopiles under cyclic loads, (3) extending the analysis to a probabilistic framework considering the random spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, (4) performing earthquake analysis of the wind-turbine monopiles, (5) investigating the thermo-mechanical behavior of soil and soil-concrete interface using laboratory tests for geothermal energy pile applications, (6) developing thermoplastic, non-isothermal soil constitutive models for soil, (7) developing a numerical framework to analyze energy piles under mechanical and thermal loads, (8) improving design methodologies of wind-turbine monopiles and geothermal piles based on the research, and (9) performing sustainability assessment of wind-turbine monopiles and geothermal energy piles. The proposed research program will establish a pioneering, rational framework for the analysis and design of monopiles and energy piles. As the profession will recognize the value of the research, the framework will be adopted in practice, which will contribute to the sustainable development of civil infrastructure in Canada with clean energy technologies.