Understanding groundwater, agronomy and drainage system design influences on tile water quantity and quality

人工排水为排水不良的土壤上的农业生产提供了广泛的农艺和经济效益，覆盖了全球约11%的土地和加拿大14%的耕地。在安大略省南部，大约45%的农田是瓦片排水的。人工排水通过减少多余水分和提高作物产量来改善农业生产，因为排水可以更早地适时种植，而且压实更少。然而，人工排水改变了水文(水)循环以及与农田相关的环境风险类型。这一研究伙伴关系的目标是研究不同类型的瓦片排水系统如何影响地下水的数量和质量，反过来，地下水高程、质量和地质的时空变化如何影响瓦片排水。这将使用位于安大略省克林顿附近的典型五大湖流域(休伦湖)实验农场场地(Huronview示范农场)进行。它将涉及实地调查，如地下水和瓷砖水质采样，以及使用专门的地下水-地表水软件进行预测建模。奥萨布尔贝菲尔德保护局(ABCA)、安大略省农业、食品和农村事务部(OMAFRA)、休伦县土壤和作物改良协会(HCSCIA)、安大略省土地改良承包商(LICO)、休伦县、圭尔夫大学和滑铁卢大学将探讨这一主题的技术方面，研究结果将实际扩展到农艺生产和最终用户的瓷砖排水安装实践。预期成果是：更好地了解地砖与地下水的相互作用和水的平衡/水质；研究如何在多变的气候条件/天气事件下最好地管理受控排水地砖系统的预测建模方法；地砖安装工人在确定合适的排水系统布局时考虑地下水条件的方法；以及就地下水排水系统(等高线和标准)的运行和适当性向水资源管理者/农民提出的水量和水质建议。

Artificial drainage provides extensive agronomic and economic benefits for agricultural production in poorly-drained soils, covering about 11% of worldwide and 14% of Canadian arable lands. In southern Ontario, approximately 45% of crop lands are tile drained. Artificial drainage improves agricultural production by reducing excess moisture and improving crop yields since drainage allows timely planting earlier and with less compaction. However, artificial drainage modifies the hydrologic (water) cycle as well as the types of environmental risks associated with cropland. The goal of this research partnership is to examine how various types of tile drainage systems impact groundwater quantity and quality, and conversely how spatiotemporal variations in groundwater elevation, quality and geology influence tile drainage. This will be carried out using an experimental farm site (Huronview Demonstration Farm) located near Clinton, Ontario in a typical Great Lakes Basin setting (Lake Huron). It will involve field investigations, such as groundwater and tile water quality sampling, and predictive modelling using specialized groundwater-surface water software. Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority (ABCA), Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Huron County Soil and Crop Improvement Association (HCSCIA), Land Improvement Contractors of Ontario (LICO), Huron County, University of Guelph and University of Waterloo will explore the technical aspects of this topic, with the findings leading to practical extension to agronomic production and tile drainage installation practices for end-users. The anticipated outcomes are an improved understanding of tile-groundwater interactions and water balance/water quality; a predictive modelling methodology to examine how to best manage controlled drainage tile systems under variable climatic conditions/weather events; a methodology for tile installers to consider subsurface conditions when identifying suitable drain system layouts; and recommendations for water managers/farmers regarding the operation and appropriateness of subsurface drainage systems (contour and standard) for water quantity and quality.