Advancing Urban Stormwater Modelling and Management

加拿大每年冬天在道路和停车场使用超过50亿公斤的道路盐，用于冬季道路维护和除冰作业。我们的研究小组敏锐地调查和发表了对城市溪流中水生生物的不良水质影响的严重性和我们宝贵的饮用水源的惊人的快速退化速度[1]-[8]。许多城市已经采取了新的举措，以解决公众日益关注的问题，即从可持续水管理的角度妥善管理城市道路盐的不利影响。这个为期五年的研究计划将结合理论、实验室实验、现场规模的试点试验、基于物理的数值模型以及新颖的机器学习技术，推动创新方法的发展，以更准确地描绘城市雨水污染物来源，以及道路盐的命运和运输特征，以更好地保护源水免受进一步退化，并将开发新的创新技术/解决方案，以改善受损水的质量。本研究项目的短期目标包括：(1)开发具有用户友好界面的新模型，道路管理部门和市政当局可以使用该模型，在给定的冬季风暴事件中，在适当的时间在道路和停车场上明智地规定适当的道路盐用量；(2)推进新一代路边沟渠首冲径流收集和处理系统的设计，以保护环境敏感地区；(3)开发更精确的道路盐诱导密度驱动分层和雨水管理湿池三维混合模型，以及接收城市溪流的氯化物浓度持续时间统计，特别是在关键的春季产卵期，以保护敏感的水生生物；(4)研究影响城市河流生境适宜性的主要自然因子和人为因子（如氯化物浓度-持续时间统计）之间复杂的非线性相互关系；(5)道路盐在地表水中的运输机制的科学知识的进步，因为它通过路边的沟渠和漏水的雨水下水道网络，污染了我们宝贵的饮用水源和城市溪流。

Canada uses more than five Billion kilograms of road salt every winter on roads and parking lots for winter road maintenance and de-icing operations. Our research team has keenly investigated and published on the severity of the adverse water quality effects on aquatic life in urban streams and the alarming rapid rate of degradation of our invaluable drinking water sources [1] - [8]. Many municipalities have introduced new initiatives to address the growing public interest for properly managing the adverse effects of road salts in our cities from a sustainable water management perspective. This five-year research program will apply a combination of theoretical, laboratory experiments, field-scale pilot tests, physically-based numerical models as well as novel machine learning techniques to advance the development of innovative methods for more accurate urban stormwater contaminant source delineation and on the fate and transport characterization of road salts for better protection of source waters from further degradation and will develop new and innovative techniques/solutions for improvement of the quality of impaired waters. The short-term goals of this research program, will include: (1) development of novel models with users-friendly interfaces that can be used by road authorities and municipalities to judiciously prescribe the right amount(s) of road salt to be applied at the right time(s) on roadways and parking lots during a given winter storm event; (2) advancement of the design of a new generation of roadside ditch first-flush runoff capture and treatment systems for protection of the environmentally sensitive areas; (3) development of more accurate modelling of the road salt-induced density-driven stratification and 3D mixing in stormwater management wet ponds and on the chloride concentration-duration statistics in the receiving urban streams, particularly during the critical Spring spawning period for protection of the sensitive aquatic life; (4) investigation of the complex nonlinear inter-relationships among the key natural and anthropogenic factors (e.g. chloride concentration-duration statistics) that govern urban stream habitat suitability for aquatic life; and (5) advancement of the scientific knowledge on the transport mechanisms of road salt in surface water as it travels through roadside ditches and leaky storm sewer networks, polluting both our precious drinking water sources and urban streams.