Development of High-Performance Structural Steel Systems for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings

过去地震的经验表明，建筑物容易受到结构破坏的影响。与建筑物的维修、停机和拆除相关的经济损失对社区功能有重大影响，特别是在城市地区。加拿大保险局最近的一份报告强调，不列颠哥伦比亚省可能会遭受高达750亿美元的经济损失，这场地震的规模预计将在西海岸发生。鉴于潜在的社会经济影响，至关重要的是开发新的抗震系统，以保护已建成的基础设施免受破坏和破坏。拟议的研究计划通过开发新的结构系统来提高土木工程基础设施的弹性和可持续性，这些结构系统可以将结构破坏降至最低，并减少地震损失和停机时间。一种有希望的方法是应用形状记忆合金(SMA)作为抗震减震和重新定位元件。SMA表现出几个独特的特征，如自我中心(在经历大变形后恢复到原来位置的能力)。尽管在过去20年里，人们对使用SMA进行抗震设计和结构改造越来越感兴趣，但SMA的实际应用仍处于早期阶段。这是由于材料成本、分析工具的局限性以及缺乏对使用SMA的生命周期效益的设计准则和全面评估等挑战造成的。这项研究计划解决了SMAS在钢框架中的实际应用所面临的挑战。在接下来的5年里，将进行全面的研究，包括从部件级建模和测试到建筑级基于性能的设计和评估的数值和实验研究。具体目标是：(1)开发和实验验证可在实践中使用的预测模型、设计和评估工具；(2)系统地描述和优化地震响应；以及(3)通过比较生命周期地震性能评估，量化在钢结构建筑中使用SMA的好处。这项研究计划的长期目标是促进地震避损系统的实际应用。根据这项研究制定的SMA基钢框架设计指南将被推荐用于加拿大钢结构设计标准(CSA-S16)和加拿大国家建筑规范。虽然这项研究的重点是新的钢结构建筑，但研究成果将对新建筑和有缺陷的框架结构的抗震加固都有帮助。该研究计划将通过培训高素质的人员以及开发具有弹性和可持续特征的建筑系统来造福于更广泛的社会，这些建筑系统的弹性和可持续特征超过了当前加拿大设计标准中的最低性能水平。

Experience with past earthquakes has shown that buildings are susceptible to structural damage. Economic losses associated with the repair, downtime, and demolition of buildings have significant consequences on the community functionality especially in urban regions. A recent report by the Insurance Bureau of Canada highlighted that British Columbia could experience economic losses as high as $75 billion under an earthquake of the magnitude expected for the West Coast. In view of potential socio-economic impacts, it is critical to develop new seismic force resisting systems that can protect built infrastructure from damage and disruption. The proposed research program enhances the resilience and sustainability of civil engineering infrastructure by developing new structural systems that can minimize structural damage and reduce earthquake losses and downtime. One promising approach is the application of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) as seismic damping and recentering elements. SMAs exhibit several unique characteristics, such as self-centering (the ability to return to their original position after experiencing large deformations). Despite promising results and a growing interest over the last 2 decades in using SMAs for seismic design and retrofit of structures, the practical applications of SMAs remain at an early stage. This is due to challenges, such as material cost, limitations in analysis tools, and lack of design guidelines and comprehensive assessments of the life-cycle benefits of using SMAs. This research program addresses the challenges with the practical application of SMAs in steel moment frames. Over the next 5 years, comprehensive research will be performed, including both numerical and experimental studies that span component-level modeling and testing to building-level performance-based design and assessment. The specific objectives are to: (1) develop and experimentally validate predictive models, design and assessment tools that can be used in practice; (2) systematically characterize and optimize the seismic response; and (3) quantify the benefits of using SMAs in steel buildings through comparative life-cycle seismic performance assessment. The long-term objective of this research program is to facilitate the practical applications of seismic damage-avoidance systems. The developed design guidelines for SMA-based steel frames from this research will be recommended for implementation into the Canadian design standard for steel structures (CSA-S16) and the National Building Code of Canada. While the focus of this proposed research is on new steel buildings, research findings will be useful for both new construction and seismic retrofit of deficient framed structures. The research program will benefit the broader society by training highly qualified personnel as well as developing building systems with resilient and sustainable features that exceed the minimum performance level found in the current Canadian design standards.