Enabling Technologies for hyper-connected, data driven, and service oriented networks of the future

近几十年来，技术和通信的进步一直在不断增长，最终形成了新的模式，例如用于4G网络的LTE标准，用于提供高数据速率以响应现代移动应用的高带宽需求，以及移动云计算模式，用于利用数据中心的计算和存储能力来解决移动设备的计算和能源限制。然而，今天，随着城市需要遏制不断增长的人口激增，以及技术需要跟上智能城市愿景在尖端服务方面的无与伦比的进步，最近的一波研究浪潮一直在推动现有网络基础设施和通信模式的戏剧性发展，旨在满足新施加的智能城市服务需求。未来的服务具有不同的严格要求，从超低延迟和可靠性，例如自动驾驶、远程手术，到非常高的带宽和数据速率，例如高级游戏、VR、AR，并且通常需要高移动性。5G(及更高)技术承诺实现这一愿景，例如a)通过使用MIMO增密小区、提高无线电频谱效率并将其扩展到包括更高频率来满足高数据速率要求。B)通过密集网络和引入无人机通信来解决物联网设备的扩展和巨大的数据消耗。C)解决超低延迟通信和触觉互联网，将云资源推近最终用户，并启用各种无线电接入技术，从而提出雾计算和多路访问边缘计算的概念，这是从集中式服务向分布式服务模式转变的一部分。D)利用SDN和NFV的概念将网络及其功能软件化，以解决交通流量的动态和不确定性质，从而促进交通流动和迁移。E)通过使用网络切片的概念分配虚拟网络来解决服务的异构性。然而，实现未来的网络仍然需要应对众多挑战。如何在边缘资源有限的密集区域保证超低时延。如何在实现新的通信模式时将基础设施成本降至最低。如何解决物联网和其他通信设备的能源限制问题。如何确保无人机和其他服务站的可靠性，同时保持较低的资源成本。如何有效地管理与密集站和无人机通信产生的干扰。如何有效地分配频谱和计算资源，以最大化资源利用率。如何在边缘和无人机上高效缓存数据。尽管有了新的架构和通信模式，如何应对安全威胁。这些问题和许多其他问题仍然需要处理，以充分实现未来设想的网络。

Advancements in technology and communication in the recent decades have always been on a constant rise, culminating into new models such as the LTE standard for 4G networks for provisioning high data rates responding to the high bandwidth needs of modern mobile applications, and the mobile cloud computing paradigm for leveraging the computing and storage power of data centers to address the computation and energy limitations of mobile devices. However, today, with the cities needing to contain the ever increasing surge in population, and technology needing to keep up with the unparalleled advancement in cutting edge services of the smart city vision, a recent research wave have been pushing for a dramatic evolution of the existing networking infrastructure and communication models, aiming to address the newly imposed smart city service requirements. Future services have heterogeneous stringent requirements, from ultra low latency and reliability, e.g. self-driving, remote surgeries, to very high bandwidth and data rates e.g. advanced gaming, VR, AR, and often require high mobility. 5G (and beyond) technologies promise to achieve this vision, e.g. a) address the high data rates requirement by densifying the cells with MIMO, improving the radio spectrum efficiency and extending it to include higher frequencies. b) address the expansion of IoT devices and huge data consumption by densifying the network and introducing UAV communication. c) address the ultra low latency communication and the tactile internet by pushing the cloud resources close to the end users and enabling various radio access technologies and hence the concepts of fog computing and multi-access edge computing, which is part of a paradigm shift from centralized to distributed services. d) address the dynamic and uncertain nature of traffic flows by softwarizing the network and its functions with the concepts of SDN and NFV, and hence facilitating traffic mobility and migration. e) address the heterogeneity of the services by allocating virtual networks with the concept of network slicing. Nevertheless, realizing the future networks still requires addressing numerous challenges. How to guarantee ultra low latency in dense areas with limited edge resources. How to minimize infrastructure costs when realizing the new communication models. How to address energy limitation for IoT and other communicating devices. How to ensure reliability of UAVs and other serving stations while maintaining low resource costs. How to efficiently manage interference resulting from the communication with the densified stations and UAVs. How to efficiently allocate spectrum and computation resources for maximizing resource utilization. How to efficiently cache data on the edge and UAVs. How to account for security threats in spite of the new architectures and communication models. Those and many other problems still need to be treated for fully realizing the future envisioned networks.