Understanding the responses of fish species to municipal wastewater effluents

鱼类对环境干扰的敏感性存在差异，这是由于与栖息地偏好相关的暴露差异和物种间代谢变异，以及受生活史特征和生殖策略的影响。许多监测项目侧重于数量丰富、分布广泛、易捕获的单一鱼种，对不同鱼种相对敏感性的比较研究很少。直到最近，我的发现基金研究主要集中在纸浆和造纸废水、水力发电设施和农业作为压力源。城市污水是加拿大河流系统输入的主要来源，我的项目将转向这些污水，重点关注改善我们对栖息地偏好、繁殖策略和暴露和应激源反应的代谢差异的相互作用的理解。鱼类收集将与阿尔伯塔省、安大略省和新不伦瑞克省大型河流系统现有的长期监测项目合作，并利用一系列相关研究来扩大监测项目中目前使用的物种数量，以更好地了解物种敏感性差异的基础。目的1将研究暴露、吸收和生理反应的差异，并比较不同繁殖策略的鱼类的反应，包括在阿萨巴斯卡河（AB）和大河（ON）中，单春季产卵、多夏季产卵、少量产卵和产卵期延长的鱼类。为了消除流动性对暴露的混杂影响，研究将包括一些不同鱼类的短期同时暴露，以观察代谢能力和对暴露的转录组反应，以更好地表征物种敏感性。目标2将研究流动性、栖息地选择和摄食偏好的差异在影响城市污水流出相关化学品的暴露和吸收方面的作用，并利用圣约翰河（NB）和阿萨巴斯卡（AB）的长期研究。我的研究计划的长期目标是提供关键的新知识，以了解采样时间，物种选择和终点确定，以帮助了解鱼类对城市废水的敏感性。总的来说，这些研究将检查全国20种鱼类之间差异的基础，试图建立一个物种对复杂压力源敏感性的通用模型。这项发现基金计划将提供一个跨学科的、协作的、以国家为重点的激励培训环境。

Fish species differ in their sensitivity to environmental disturbance due to exposure differences associated with habitat preferences and poorly documented between species variability in metabolism, and influenced by life history traits and reproductive strategies. Many monitoring programs focus on single fish species that are abundant, widely distributed and easy to catch, and there have been few comparative studies examining the relative sensitivity of different fish species. Until recently, my Discovery Grant research primarily focused on pulp and paper effluents, hydroelectric facilities, and agriculture as stressors. Municipal effluents are a major source of inputs to Canadian river systems, and my program will shift to these effluents to focus on improving our understanding of the interaction of habitat preferences, reproductive strategies, and metabolic differences on exposure and responses to stressors. The fish collections will collaborate with existing long term monitoring programs in large river systems in Alberta, Ontario and New Brunswick, and use a series of linked studies to expand the number of species examined beyond those currently utilized in the monitoring programs in an effort to develop a better understanding of the basis for species differences in sensitivity. Objective 1 will examine differences in exposure, uptake, and physiological response, and compare the responses of fish species with differing reproductive strategies, including single spring spawners, multiple summer spawners with few spawns, and those with extended spawning periods in the Athabasca River (AB) and in the Grand River (ON). To remove the confounding effect of mobility on exposure, the research will include some short term simultaneous exposures of different fish species to look at metabolic capacity and transcriptomic responses to exposure to better characterize species sensitivities. Objective 2 will examine the role that differences in mobility, habitat choice and feeding preferences play in affecting exposure and uptake of municipal wastewater effluent-related chemicals, and utilize long term studies in the Saint John River (NB) and the Athabasca (AB). The long-term objectives of my research program are to provide critical new knowledge to understanding the timing of sampling, species selection, and endpoint determination to help understand fish species sensitivity to municipal wastewaters. In total, the studies will examine the basis for differences across 20 fish species across the country, in an attempt to develop a generalized model for species sensitivity to complex stressors. This Discovery Grant program will provide a stimulating training environment that is interdisciplinary in nature, collaborative in practice, and national in focus.