CONNECTED SMART MOBILITY IN CANADA: COOPERATIVE VEHICLE-SIGNAL CONTROL

客运汽车和货运量的快速增长导致加拿大大部分城市道路严重拥堵，大大降低了交通服务的可靠性。根据交通分析公司Inrix的数据，蒙特利尔和多伦多分别被评为2017年全球第23和第38大最拥堵城市。在加拿大最大的九个城市，包括延误、燃料和排放在内的直接拥堵成本估计每年超过37亿加元。在美国，预计成本将从2013年的785亿美元增加到2030年的1208亿美元。因此，缓解拥堵的需要，包括城市网络升级和创新交通服务，是一项紧迫的任务。然而，加拿大目前的交通基础设施发展和道路里程的增加并没有跟上交通量的增加，以解决道路拥堵问题。另一方面，最近互联车辆的发展导致主动交通运营，以优化城市网络的性能。发展互联汽车，实现“绿色和创新交通”，也是加拿大2030年改善交通服务的战略计划之一。拟议的研究计划旨在开发一种创新的联网汽车应用，将车辆和基础设施整合在一起，以缓解拥堵并改善交通服务。提出了四个相互关联的重点领域，以解决阻碍联网汽车应用开发和评估的关键挑战。重点领域一包括在路段和网络上开发多层车辆控制系统，以最大限度地提高运输性能。重点领域II旨在开发主动信号控制系统，以优化信号计划。重点领域III将设计一个协同控制框架，以集成车辆和信号控制系统。重点领域四旨在构建一个实地实验，以评估拟议系统的实际效益。该研究在控制车辆和基础设施方面为联网车辆的实现做出了独特的贡献。它还将为HQP提供专门的培训，以满足智能交通系统发展的全球需求。日益增加的旅行时间延迟和燃料使用，以及道路拥堵对社会经济、环境和健康的深刻影响，都需要向智能城市和互联车辆的模式转变。该研究将为个体车辆和路边基础设施的综合控制提供直接的决策支持，以缓解联网车辆环境下的道路拥堵。它还将帮助加拿大汽车行业和各级政府提高交通服务质量，弥合行业和政府之间的差距，以促进智慧城市的发展。

The rapid growth of passenger cars and freight volumes has caused severe road congestion in most cities in Canada, which significantly reduced the reliability of transportation services. According to a transportation analytic firm Inrix, Montreal and Toronto were ranked as the 23rd and 38th most congested cities globally in 2017. In Canada's nine largest cities, the overall direct congestion cost, including costs of delay, fuel and emissions, was estimated to be more than CAD $3.7 billion annually. In the United States, the cost is anticipated to increase from USD $78.5 billion in 2013 to USD $120.8 billion in 2030. As such, the need of mitigating congestion, including urban network upgrade and innovative transportation services, is an urgent task. However, the current transportation infrastructure development and the increase of road miles in Canada are not keeping up with the increase of traffic volumes to address road congestion. On the other hand, the recent development of connected vehicles results in proactive traffic operations to optimize the performance of urban networks. Developing connected vehicles to realize "Green and Innovative Transportation" is also within Canada's strategic plan to improve transportation services in 2030. The proposed research program aims at developing an innovative connected vehicle application to integrate both vehicles and infrastructures to mitigate congestion and to improve transportation services. Four interrelated Focus Areas are proposed to address key challenges hindering the connected vehicle application development and evaluation. Focus Area I includes the development of a multi-layer vehicle control system on both road segments and networks to maximize transportation performance. Focus Area II aims at developing a proactive signal control system to optimize signal plans. Focus Area III will design a cooperative control framework to integrate the vehicle and signal control systems. Focus Area IV aims at constructing a field experiment to evaluate the real-world benefits of the proposed system. The research represents a unique contribution to connected vehicle implementations in terms of controlling both vehicles and infrastructures. It will also provide specialized training of HQP that is tailored to meet the global need for the development of intelligent transportation systems. The increasing travel time delay and fuel usage, and the profound socio-economic, environmental and health impacts of road congestion necessitate a paradigm shift towards smart cities with connected vehicles. The research will provide a direct decision support for the integrated control of individual vehicles and roadside infrastructures to mitigate road congestion under connected vehicle environment. It will also help automotive industries and different levels of government in Canada improve the quality of transportation services, and bridge the gap between industry and government for the development of smart cities.