Multiphase Flow and Phase Change Heat Transfer with Innovative Functional Surfaces

在一个能源需求和环境问题日益增加的世界里，提高能源系统的效率、安全性和可持续性至关重要。这些系统中的许多涉及多相流动和/或热传递，其中流体在表面上发生相变。具有特殊润湿性和热性质的表面可以显著改变热和流体传输现象。这些表面可以被设计成具有特殊的能力，例如减阻、防冰、油水分离和能量存储改进。本研究旨在开发创新的新表面和特征，展示其新功能，并为这些表面的多相流或相变传热过程创建预测工具。本研究将探讨四种新型功能表面之多相流与液固相变特性; 1）用于与聚合物添加剂协同流动减阻的超疏水或超疏油表面，2）用于在恶劣环境中分离油-水的超疏水-超亲油膜，3）用于混合防冰的具有脉冲加热的超疏水表面，4）超亲油多孔骨架，制备复合相变储能材料。在这项研究中，实验将与数值模拟相结合。采用先进的界面跟踪方法，考虑特殊的表面润湿性和热物性的影响，将发展新的流体流动和相变传热模型。测量数据将用于验证和改进预测工具，并优化新的表面功能。 本研究的成果将为具有特殊润湿和热性能的表面上的多相流动和固液相变提供新的知识。该研究将在实际工程材料上开发新的功能表面特征（例如，钢）的低成本生产方法。开发的技术具有提高能源系统效率、基础设施可靠性和恶劣环境下工程安全性的潜力。例如，协同减阻技术可用于陆地和海底管道，以增强流动或降低泵送功率。混合防冰表面可用于各种类型的结构（例如，风力涡轮机、海上平台、海洋船舶）在加拿大和其他国家的寒冷地区。这些技术和预测工具可用于其他工程系统，如电子冷却，热能和核能发电，生物医学系统中的热能和流量控制等。这些研究成果将对加拿大经济和可持续发展产生有益的影响。

In a world with increasing energy demand and environmental concerns, it is critical to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of energy systems. Many of these systems involve multiphase flow and/or heat transfer with phase change of a fluid on a surface. Surfaces with special wettability and thermal properties can significantly change the thermal and fluid transport phenomena. These surfaces can be engineered to have special capabilities such as drag reduction, icing prevention, oil-water separation, and energy storage improvement. This research aims to develop innovative new surfaces and features, demonstrate their novel functionalities, and create predictive tools for the multiphase flow or phase change heat transfer processes with these surfaces. This research will investigate multiphase flow and liquid-solid phase change on four types of new functional surfaces; 1) superhydrophobic or superoleophobic surfaces for synergetic flow drag reduction with polymer additives, 2) superhydrophobic-superoleophilic membranes for oil-water separation in harsh environments, 3) superhydrophobic surfaces with pulse heating for hybrid anti-icing, and 4) a superoleophilic porous framework to make composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Experimentation will be integrated with numerical modelling in this research. New models of fluid flow and phase change heat transfer will be developed with advanced interface tracking methods and considering the effects of the special surface wettability and thermal properties. The measured data will be used to validate and improve the predictive tools and optimize the new surface capabilities. The outcomes of this research will lead to new knowledge of multiphase flow and solid-liquid phase change on surfaces with special wetting and thermal properties. The research will develop novel functional surface features on practical engineering materials (e.g., steel) with low-cost production methods. The developed technologies have a promising potential to improve energy system efficiency, infrastructure reliability, and engineering safety in harsh environments. For example, the synergetic drag reduction technique can be used in land and subsea pipelines for flow enhancement or pumping power reduction. The hybrid anti-icing surface could be used for various types of structures (e.g., wind turbines, offshore platforms, marine vessels) in cold regions of Canada and other countries. The technologies and predictive tools can be used in other engineering systems such as cooling of electronics, thermal and nuclear power generation, thermal and flow control in biomedical systems, etc. The research program also provides excellent opportunities for HQP training in the research and development of energy and environmental systems. These research outcomes will have beneficial impacts on the Canadian economy and sustainable development.