Modeling and dynamics of adaptive structures featuring multifunctional materials

自适应结构能够以可控的方式修改其动态响应特性，以适应不可预测的环境变化。这种新兴的多学科技术的应用范围很广，从空间结构和运输系统到民用基础设施，国防和医疗系统。总体和长期目标是培养智能材料系统的综合研究计划，以开发下一代轻质自适应结构，通过利用智能材料的耦合特性提供所需的功能。拟议的研究探讨了智能自适应结构的发展，具有多功能磁致弹性体（MAEs）。这主要是由于人们对MAE半主动控制冲击和振动以及提供软致动的兴趣越来越大。在智能材料中，MAE是真正的多功能材料，因为它们可以半主动地改变其动态特性（刚度和阻尼），以及由于其固有的磁致伸缩效应而提供主动致动。这些独特的性质，再加上其灵活性、故障安全、快速响应（小于几毫秒）和低功耗要求等独特功能，使MAE成为革命性的智能材料，用于开发下一代自适应结构，以满足广泛的应用。MAE的场依赖性模量和阻尼特性使其成为开发高带宽自适应能量吸收装置的理想智能材料。这种新颖的智能设备可以与地面、航空航天和海洋车辆中的结构系统集成，以在不可预测的环境条件下真实的时间内减轻所传输的振动和冲击。最近开发的具有硬磁颗粒（H-MAE）的MAE也显示出通过反转磁场的方向来降低模量，这可以显著增强这些独特智能材料的控制有效性。此外，由于其显著的磁致伸缩效应和低功耗，H-MAE提供了巨大的潜力，成为导致下一代人工肌肉和软致动器在微流体，生物医学和机器人应用中的技术奇迹。为了开发和控制基于MAE的自适应系统和结构，了解不同类型MAE在不同受控磁场和环境条件下的动态响应和功能是至关重要的。这些将通过深入的实验表征和高保真磁粘弹性模型，可以准确地预测MAE的粘弹性和磁致伸缩性能的发展来解决。拟议的研究计划也将促进新一代智能可控磁活性材料的发展，改善MR和磁致伸缩效应。

Adaptive structures are capable of modifying their dynamic response characteristics in a controlled manner to accommodate unpredictable environmental changes. The application of this emerging and enabling multidisciplinary technology is vast ranging from space structures and transportation systems to civil infrastructure, defense and medical systems. The overall and long-term objectives is to cultivate a comprehensive research program on smart material systems to develop the next generation of light-weight adaptive structures which can provide desired functionality by exploiting the coupling properties of smart materials. The proposed research explores the development of smart adaptive structures featuring multifunctional magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). This is motivated primarily by the substantial and growing interest in MAEs to control shock and vibration semi-actively and to provide soft actuation. Among smart materials, MAEs are truly multifunctional materials as they can vary their dynamic properties (stiffness and damping) semi-actively as well as providing active actuation due to their inherent magnetostriction effect. These unique properties, combined with their unique features such as flexibility, fail-safe, fast-response (less than few milliseconds) and low-power requirement, have made MAEs revolutionary smart materials for the development of next generation of adaptive structures for wide range of applications. The field-dependent modulus and damping properties of MAEs have made them ideal smart materials for the development of high-bandwidth adaptive energy absorption devices. Such novel smart devices can be integrated with structural systems in ground, aerospace and marine vehicles to mitigate the transmitted vibration and shock in the real time under unpredictable environmental conditions. Recently developed MAEs with hard magnetic particles (H-MAEs) have also shown reduced modulus by reversing the direction of the magnetic field which can significantly enhance the control effectiveness of these unique smart materials. Moreover, H-MAEs, owing to their significant magnetostriction effect and low-power consumption, offer enormous potential to become the marvel of technologies leading to next generation of artificial muscles and soft actuators in microfluidic, biomedical and robotics applications. To develop and control MAE-based adaptive systems and structures, it is of paramount importance to understand the dynamic response and functionality of different types of MAEs under varying controlled magnetic field and environmental conditions. These will be addressed through an in-depth experimental characterization and development of high-fidelity magneto-viscoelastic models which can accurately predict the viscoelastic and magnetostriction properties of MAE. The proposed research program will also facilitate developments in new generation of smart controllable magnetoactive materials with improved MR and magnetostriction effects.