Theory and Analysis of Cosmic Web Observables

这项研究将为2019-2024年期间及以后出现的大量宇宙微波背景(CMB)、大尺度结构(LSS)和星系形成数据开发理论框架和分析工具。2012-18年期间令人惊叹，巩固了一个由暗能量和暗物质主导的高精度宇宙学标准模型(SMC)，这在很大程度上是通过我们在普朗克CMB卫星团队和更高分辨率的阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜(ACT)团队上的活动。这一影响最近得到了2018年格鲁伯宇宙学奖授予我们的普朗克团队的认可，因为他们在最大和最小的尺度上提供了对宇宙的最终描述。CMB和LSS：这项建议的重点是计划中的以下方面的工作：Advanced ACTPol和Simons天文台后续观测、相关的CCATPrime望远镜、气球载蜘蛛实验的第二次飞行、CMB与LSS空间实验欧几里得和其他地面LSS测量的相互关联工作，以及探测星系形成和组装的各种三维线强度图实验。一个主要的动机是发现超越标准宇宙学模型(BSMc)的新物理。BSMc项目包括如何测量暗能量是否与物质耦合，暗物质的量子方面是否可见，以及为早期宇宙产生的新型非高斯原始结构创建统计测试。引力波和星际尘埃极化：CMB的一个主要目标是发现具有CMB极化的早期宇宙引力波。最大的挑战是将极化的银河系排放物与真正的原始物质分开。为此，我们正在开发新的重新绘制“银河系星际网”极化辐射各向异性的方法。线强度测绘是一种新兴的绘制大宇宙体积图的技术，用于探测星系组装的时代，甚至是银河系前的宇宙黎明。针对加州21厘米氢线和COMAP的加拿大CHIME射电望远镜，目标是一氧化碳线路，现在正在获取数据，而CCATPrime，目标是电离碳，正在建设中。我们在CITA的团队正在从事这些巨大的新数据源所带来的所有分析和理论挑战，包括可能出现的任何新的BSMc物理学。理论和模拟：我们将创建快速计算但精确的SMC和BSMc模拟模拟的集合，我们称之为WebSkys用于交叉分析，因为所有这些大天空实验都纠缠在一个完全相关的光锥中，最终必须一起分析。由于复杂的气体过程，这是一个挑战，但我们构建的网络天空将从最高分辨率的气体动力学反馈模拟中学习。HQP：这样的工作已经并且非常适合CITA当地各级HQP的参与：高级RA和博士后，研究生和本科生。

This research will develop theoretical frameworks and analysis tools for the tremendous outpouring of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Large Scale Structure (LSS) and galaxy formation data that will arise over 2019-2024 period, and beyond. The 2012-18 period has been amazing, solidifying a Standard Model of Cosmology (SMc) dominated by dark energy and dark matter at high precision, in large part through our activities on the Planck CMB satellite team and the higher resolution Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) team. The impact was recently recognized by the 2018 Gruber Prize in Cosmology to our Planck group for providing "the definitive description of the universe on the largest and smallest scales." CMB and LSS: This proposal emphasizes planned work on Advanced ACTPol and the Simons Observatory follow-on, the related CCATprime telescope, a second flight of the balloon-borne Spider experiment, cross-correlation work of the CMB with the LSS space experiment Euclid and other ground-based LSS surveys, and various three-dimensional line intensity mapping (LIM) experiments probing galaxy formation and assembly. A primary motivation is to find new physics beyond the standard model of cosmology (BSMc). BSMc projects include how to measure whether dark energy is coupled to matter, whether quantum aspects of dark matter are observable, and to create statistical tests for novel non-Gaussian primordial structures generated in the early Universe.  Gravity Waves and Interstellar Dust Polarization: A major CMB target is to discover early-Universe gravity waves with CMB polarization. The greatest challenge is separating polarized Galactic emissions from what is truly primordial. For this we are developing novel re-mapping measures of anisotropy in the "Milky Way's interstellar web" polarized emissions. Line Intensity Mapping is an emerging technique to map large cosmological volumes to probe the Epoch of Galaxy Assembly and even of the pre-galactic cosmic dawn. The Canadian CHIME radio telescope targeting the 21cm line of hydrogen and COMAP in California, targeting a carbon monoxide line, are now taking data, and CCATprime, targeting ionized carbon, is under construction. Our group at CITA is engaging in all of the analytical and theoretical challenges that will arise from these vast new data sources, including any new BSMc physics that might emerge. Theory and Simulations: We will create ensembles of rapidly-computable yet accurate SMc and BSMc mock simulations we call webskys for cross-analyses, since all of these big-sky experiments are entangled in one fully correlated light-cone, and must ultimately be analyzed together. This is a challenge because of complex gas processes, but the webskys we construct will learn from the highest resolution gasdynamical feedback simulations. HQP: Such work has been and is well suited for engagement of HQP locally at all levels at CITA: Senior RAs and postdocs, graduate and undergraduate research students.