Production, Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Agro-Forestry Residues

航空业是增长最快的交通运输方式之一，预计到2030年，空中交通量的年增长率为5%。目前，航空业占各种运输方式二氧化碳排放量的12%，预计不久的将来将以4.1%的复合年增长率增长。因此，为了解决气候变化问题，航空运输行动小组制定了雄心勃勃的目标，通过开发碳中性航空燃料来稳定航空部门的二氧化碳净排放量，这种燃料被认为是减少温室气体排放的有希望的替代品。因此，该提案弥补了从农业和林业来源的原料沿着生产低碳密集型可持续航空燃料以及汽油和生物柴油的差距。生物喷气燃料的生产技术有多种，其中加氢处理酯和脂肪酸技术较为成熟，但生产成本较高。最近的研究表明，加氢处理解聚纤维素喷射技术，如水热液化，然后升级，已显示出较低的生产成本，高产率，和适度的资本成本相对于其他技术。因此，本提案将研究通过水热液化生产生物喷气燃料，然后通过催化加氢脱氧、催化裂化和异构化进行生物原油提取和分馏、共混和共处理以生产航空燃料。加氢脱氧的主要目的是除去生物原油中的氧，提高氧化稳定性和热值。水热炭将作为催化剂载体，在共水热液化过程中产生，以开发加氢脱氧催化剂。在研究生物喷气燃料生产途径后，将研究技术经济可行性和环境影响，以扩大规模和商业化。该项目的成果将为我们的工业合作伙伴Tidewater Renewables在开发可持续航空燃料生产过程中提供最佳解决方案。此外，这项建议将使其他加拿大可再生能源公司提高其生物航空燃料生产的利润率。

The aviation industry is one of the fastest growing modes of transportation sector with an expected annual increase rate of 5% in air traffic until 2030. Currently, the aviation industry is responsible for 12% of the CO2 emissions from various modes of transport sectors and it is expected to grow at a 4.1% of compound annual growth rate near future. Therefore, to address the climate change concerns, the Air Transport Action Group has set ambitious goals to stabilize the net CO2 emissions of the aviation sector by developing a carbon-neutral aviation fuel that is considered a promising alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, this proposal bridges the gap of producing less carbon-intensive sustainable aviation drop-in fuels from agricultural and forestry-derived feedstock along with biogasoline and biodiesel. Several technologies are in practice to produce bio-jet fuels, among them hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids technology are more mature although they has high production costs. Recent studies revealed that hydrotreated depolymerized cellulosic jet technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction followed by upgrading have shown lower production costs, high yield, and modest capital costs relative to other technologies. Thus, the current proposal will investigate the production of bio-jet fuel via hydrothermal liquefaction followed by biocrude extraction and fractionation, blending and co-processing via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, catalytic cracking, and isomerization to produce aviation fuels. The main objective of hydrodeoxygenation is to remove the oxygen from the biocrudes and enhance oxidative stability and calorific value. Hydrochar will be used as catalyst support that is produced during the co-hydrothermal liquefaction to develop hydrodeoxygenation catalysts. After investigating the bio-jet fuel production pathway, techno-economic feasibility and environmental impacts will be studied for scale-up and commercialization. The outcomes of this project will offer the best solutions to our industrial partner Tidewater Renewables in developing sustainable aviation fuel production process. Besides, this proposal will enable other Canadian renewable energy companies to improve their profit margin for bio-jet fuel production.