An international living lab to bridge designed and actual performance of houses of next generation

提高建筑的能效对人类社会的可持续发展至关重要。为了实现这一目标，许多新的设计概念(即被动式房屋设计)和建筑技术(例如寒冷气候热泵)被提出和实施。然而，每一栋建筑都是一个复杂的系统。许多概念和技术只在实验室中测试；它们可能单独工作得很好，但还没有在真实建筑的环境中与其他建筑组件一起验证。在开发(如设计和验证)新概念和新技术时，建筑性能仿真起着至关重要的作用。根据过去的经验，采用新概念和新技术的整个建筑的预测能耗往往与实际值相差很大。为了验证新概念和新技术，并提高模拟精度，正在创建一个活实验室。由不同国家设计的8栋创新节能住宅将在德国一所大学校园内建造，供经常使用的用户使用。这些房屋配备了新颖的设计和运营理念，并使用了建筑市场上新鲜的建筑技术。它们的实际性能将在几年内得到准确和全面的监测，并在设计过程中将监测数据与模拟数据进行比较。该项目将调查设计/模拟与实际性能之间的差距，并将为未来的建筑设计和性能模拟制定指导方针。

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is essential to the sustainable development of human society. Numerous new design concepts (i.e., Passive House designs) and building technologies (e.g., cold climate heat pumps) have been proposed and implemented toward achieving this goal. However, each building is a complex system. Many of the concepts and technologies are only tested in laboratories; they may work well individually but haven't been verified in the context of real buildings, alongside other building components. In developing (e.g., design and verification) new concepts and technologies, building performance simulation plays a critical role. Based on past experience, the predicted energy performance of whole buildings that use new concepts and technologies often shows a significant discrepancy from the actual values. To verify the new concepts and technologies and to improve simulation accuracy, a living lab is being created. Eight innovative energy-efficient houses designed by different countries will be constructed on a German university campus and occupied by regular users. These houses are equipped with novel design and operation concepts, and use building technologies that are fresh to the building markets. Their actual performance will be accurately and comprehensively monitored over several years, and the monitored data will be compared with simulated data during the design process. The project will investigate the gaps between the designed/simulated and actual performance and will develop guidelines for future building designs and performance simulations.