Sustainable Stormwater Management Approach: Optimal Implementation of Low Impact Development Systems

2003至2012年间，加拿大的城市洪水造成了超过200亿美元的损失，尽管在过去几十年里，加拿大在雨水最佳管理实践方面进行了大量的公共投资。最常用的管理方法主要是管道末端基础设施，旨在通过将雨水径流输送到最近的接收水体来将雨水径流从建筑环境中分流出来。最近，低影响开发(LID)技术(如生物沟、雨水花园、绿色屋顶和透水路面)越来越受欢迎，并被许多加拿大城市采用。LID做法旨在管理接近其源头的径流，模拟自然或开发前的水文过程，如渗透和滞留。然而，主要由于缺乏可靠的观测数据和这些做法的分散性，对于它们的长期功能、性能、维护、放置及其对大规模流域雨水管理的集体影响仍然存在不确定性。有了强大而高效的雨水管理模型、降雨量数据系列的提供以及数据分析工具的进步，就有机会填补这一空白。总体目标是制定一个框架，帮助在气候变化和城市快速发展的情况下，在加拿大城市地区实施可持续的雨水管理。短期目标是：1)开发一套新的可靠的分析概率径流量和质量模型和LID模块；2)评估与开发的模型和气候变化相关的不确定性；3)为在社区一级优化实施LID系统创建一个全面和有效的框架，纳入已开发的雨水管理模型、不确定性量化模型和气候变化以及邻里和LID特征。长期目标是扩大流域一级的框架，纳入加拿大以生态系统为重点的倡议。所产生的知识将提高我们对雨水管理系统的性能和维护的理解。它还将确保加拿大社区在未来几代人对极端降雨事件、气候变化和城市增长的适应能力和可持续性。这项研究计划将帮助培训雨水管理、数据分析和建模技术方面的高素质人员。拟议的模型和工具将促进针对加拿大城市的最佳、高效和有弹性的盖子实践的实施，以减少城市径流影响并防止数十亿美元的损失。

Urban flooding in Canada accounted for more than $20 billion in damage between 2003 and 2012, despite the massive public investment in stormwater best management practices over the last decades. The most used management practices are mainly end-of-pipe infrastructures, aiming to divert stormwater runoff away from the built environment by delivering it to the nearest receiving waterbody. Recently, low-impact-development (LID) technologies (e.g., bioswales, rain gardens, green roofs and permeable pavement) have gained popularity and adopted by many Canadian cities. LID practices aim to manage runoff close to its source, mimicking natural or predevelopment hydrological processes such as infiltration and retention. However, mainly due to the scarcity of reliable observed data and the decentralized nature of these practices, there remains uncertainty as to their long-term functionality, performance, maintenance, placement, and their collective impact on large-scale watershed stormwater management. With robust and efficient stormwater management models, availability of rainfall data series and advances in data analysis tools, there is an opportunity to fill this gap. The overarching objective is to develop a framework that can assist in implementing sustainable stormwater management (LID) in Canadian urban areas under climate change and rapid urban development. The short-term objectives are to 1) develop a new set of reliable analytical probabilistic runoff quantity and quality models and LID modules, 2) assess the uncertainties associated with the developed models and climate change, and 3) create a comprehensive and efficient framework for optimal implementation LID systems at a neighbourhood level, incorporating the developed stormwater management models, uncertainty quantification models and climate change and neighbourhood and LID characteristics. The long-term objective is to extend the framework for the watershed level, incorporating Canada's ecosystem-focused initiatives. The generated knowledge will improve our understanding of the performance and maintenance of stormwater management systems. It will also ensure the resilience and sustainability of Canadian communities under extreme rainfall events, climate change and urban growth for generations to come. This research program will help train highly qualified personnel in stormwater management, data analysis and modelling techniques. The proposed models and tools will facilitate the implementation of optimal, efficient and resilient LID practices geared towards Canadian cities to lessen urban runoff impacts and prevent billions of dollars in damages.