Developing Technologies for Regulating Robot Persuasion in Human-Robot Interaction

机器人正在成为个人护理、教育、搜索和救援等领域的可行工具，它们越来越多地作为自主或半自主的工具和助手与人们一起工作。除了困难的机器人工程挑战之外，进入人类空间的机器人还必须具有有效的接口技术，以支持人机交互，并使普通公众-不仅仅是机器人专家-能够与机器人一起工作，发出命令并从中获取数据。与人配合使用的机器人使用类似人类的社交技术，如手势或凝视，利用人们现有的人际交往技能来简化互动。这些社交机器人通常会为人们提供建议，研究表明，专家参考机器人比预期的更有说服力，部分原因是人们对机器人的记忆、知识和计算能力的信任。这可能是危险的，例如，当一个专门的医疗保健机器人与他们的评估相矛盾时，医疗保健提供者可能会怀疑他们的评估，但这也是可取的，例如，一个有说服力的康复机器人可以帮助进行恢复练习。研究已经证实，机器人可以具有说服力，但关于如何实际创造一个机器人来与人互动，以避免或鼓励说服，人们知之甚少。在短期内，我建议开发第一个交互框架和技术，展示机器人如何通过改变它们与人的交互方式来改变它们的说服力，特别是针对机器人如何使用它的肢体语言。从长远来看，我的项目将有助于建立一个坚实的理解和一系列工具，用于编程机器人，使其有效地与人进行适当的交互。我的项目将从方法论上研究机器人如何利用它们的身体来影响说服；具体来说，机器人如何使用它们的手势、姿势、凝视和使用人际空间来增加或减少说服力。我将实现并正式评估原始接口技术和算法，使机器人能够利用这些技术进行交互。为此，我将建立第一个方法和指标来测量和比较机器人设计的说服力，并进行一系列实验来开发工程机器人说服力的界面设计框架。这项工作将为理解细致入微的机器人行为如何影响说服提供基础，包括面向说服的界面指南，以及一些用于构建机器人说服的首批交互技术和算法。最终，这对于使人机交互程序员能够控制他们的机器人是很重要的：减少机器人在潜在危险情况下的说服力，或者使机器人在适当的时候更有说服力。

Robots are emerging as viable tools in domains including personal care, education, and search and rescue, where they increasingly work alongside people as autonomous or semi-autonomous tools and assistants. In addition to the difficult robotics engineering challenges, robots that enter people's spaces must also have effective interface technologies that support human-robot interaction and enable the general public - not only robotics experts - to work with robots, give commands, and to get data from them.Robots collocated with people use human-like social techniques such as gestures or gaze, leveraging people's existing inter-personal skills to simplify interaction. These social robots will often be in positions where they offer recommendations to people, and research has shown how expert-reference robots can be more persuasive than anticipated, in part due to people's trust in robotic memory, knowledge, and computational ability. This can be dangerous, for example a healthcare provider may doubt their assessment when contradicted by a specialized healthcare robot, but can also be desirable, for example a persuasive rehabilitation robot could help with recovery exercises. Research has established that robots can be persuasive, but little is known about how to practically create a robot to interact with people to either avoid or encourage persuasion. In the short term, I propose to develop the first interaction framework and technologies that demonstrate how robots can modify their persuasiveness by changing how they interact with people, specifically targeting how a robot can use its body language. In the long term, my program will help build a solid understanding and array of tools for programming robots to interact effectively and appropriately with people.My program will methodologically investigate how robots can use their physical body to impact persuasion; specifically, how robots can use their gestures, posture, gaze, and use of interpersonal space, to increase or decrease persuasiveness. I will implement and formally evaluate original interface technologies and algorithms for enabling robots to leverage these techniques for interaction. For this I will establish the first methodologies and metrics for measuring and comparing persuasiveness of robotic designs, and conduct a series of experiments to develop interface design frameworks for engineering robot persuasion.This work will provide foundations for understanding how nuanced robotic behaviors can impact persuasion, including persuasion-oriented interface guidelines, and some of the first interaction techniques and algorithms for architecting robotic persuasion. Ultimately, this will be important for enabling human-robot interaction programmers to be in control of their robots: to reduce the persuasiveness of robots in potentially dangerous situations, or make robots more convincing when appropriate.