GRACE and GRACE-FO data integration and modelling for geoscience applications

值得注意的是，我们对我们的星球、海洋、大气和北极地区，以及它们对气候和我们所处的环境产生深远影响的长期变化仍然知之甚少。过去这些变化是用地面手段和方法监测的，而今天的技术使我们能够以更低的成本从太空继续进行快速、有效的监测。然而，为了捕捉到我们星球的细节，监测卫星必须在低空轨道运行，通常在250-1000公里之间。这意味着卫星持续处于热层，即地球大气层的上层，那里发生了许多强烈甚至极端的过程，如高温变化、太阳辐射、磁暴和太阳风等许多其他可以被描述为“空间天气”的过程。空间天气的极端变化和相应的磁暴影响我们的卫星，最重要的是，在我们的情况下，以一种不寻常的方式干扰卫星测量。为了从卫星测量中提取有用的信息，必须很好地理解并最终消除干扰，这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，在许多情况下是不可能的。我们的研究重点是一组特定的卫星，即重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）和GRACE后续卫星，其目的是跟踪地球水团的变化，例如大型湖泊，河流，地下水，土壤湿度，冰盖和冰川或固体地球的变化，例如构造，大型滑坡和大地震以及大气变化，这些变化直接反映了我们的环境和气候的变化。这项研究的目的是研究空间天气如何污染这组被称为重力卫星的卫星所进行的测量，并发展数学和统计方法，通过这些方法，我们可以大大减少或消除空间天气对测量的影响，并提取有关我们的星球及其可变环境的有用信息。

It is remarkable that still little is known about our planet, its oceans, atmosphere, and arctic regions, as well as their long-term changes that have a profound effect on climate and the environment we leave in. Whereas these changes were monitored in the past with terrestrial means and methods, today's technology allows us to continue the monitoring from space quickly, efficiently and at a much lower cost. However, in order to capture the fine details of our planet, the monitoring satellites must orbit at low altitudes, typically between 250-1000 km. This means that the satellites are continuously in the thermosphere, the upper layer of the Earth's atmosphere where many intense and even extreme processes occur, such as high temperature variations, solar radiation, magnetic storms and solar winds among many others that can all be described as Space Weather'. Extreme variations in space weather and corresponding magnetic storms affect our satellites and most importantly, in our case, disturb the satellite measurements in an unusual way. In order to extract useful information from the satellite measurements, the disturbances must be well understood and eventually eliminated, a task that is very challenging and in many cases impossible. Our research focuses on a particular group of satellites, namely, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE follow-on, whose purpose is to track changes of the Earth's water mass, for instance in large lakes, rivers, underground water, soil moisture, ice sheets, and glaciers or changes in the solid Earth, such as tectonics, large landslides and large earthquakes and atmospheric changes that directly reflect the changes in our environment and climate in particular. The aim of the research is to study how space weather contaminates the measurements taken by this group of satellites known as gravimetric satellites and to develop mathematical and statistical methods by which we can significantly reduce or eliminate the space weather influences from the measurements and extract useful information about our planet and its variable environment.