Thermal ecology of freshwater fishes: the effects of variability in water temperature

水温是影响淡水鱼的生理和生态的主要环境因素，淡水鱼是一组在加拿大和其他地区具有经济、文化和生态重要性的生物。我的研究计划的长期目标是阐明水温及其与其他非生物和生物因素的相互作用如何影响淡水鱼的生物（行为，生存和繁殖）和种群（丰度和分布）生态。最近，人们已经清楚地认识到，要充分了解温度如何影响淡水鱼（和任何其他生物）的生态，有必要研究它们对环境温度变化的反应。因此，在接下来的五年里，我的目标是描述淡水环境温度的时空变化，并确定淡水鱼类对这种变化的生态反应。为了实现这一短期目标，我提出了四个项目，将重点放在弗雷泽河流域（不列颠哥伦比亚省），并将使用成年鲑鱼（红鲑，公牛鳟鱼和虹鳟鱼）作为模式物种。项目1将使用历史水温数据（自1950年以来收集的）和光谱分析，以量化弗雷泽河流域水温的时空变化，并评估变化模式变化对成年迁移红鲑鱼的潜在影响。项目2将使用历史水温数据和关于成年红鲑迁徙（自2002年以来约3 250条鱼）的现有无线电遥测数据来检验以下假设：迁徙期间遇到的可变热条件对心肺能力随温度变化曲线较窄的种群中的个体的生存有较大影响。项目3将使用红鲑鱼的现场和实验室实验来测试一个假设，即个体体温调节的有效性取决于其内部状态（例如生殖成熟，病原体负荷，可用的体能量）。该项目还将测试有效的体温调节提高繁殖成功率的假设。项目4将对牛鳟鱼和虹鳟鱼进行实地和实验室实验，以调查水温与活动之间的关系，并检验以下假设：在更异质的热生境中，行为温度调节的能量成本最小。这些项目将提高我们对淡水鱼对温度反应的认识和预测能力，并将在一个变暖和温度变化更大的世界中为淡水鱼的管理和保护提供信息。这些项目还将培训新一代的HQP（5个UG，3个MSc，1个PhD），并为他们提供进一步推进加拿大淡水鱼类研究和保护所需的知识和技能。

Water temperature is a major environmental factor affecting the physiology and ecology of freshwater fishes a group of organisms that are economically, culturally and ecologically important in Canada and beyond. The long-term objective of my research program is to elucidate how water temperature and its interaction with other abiotic and biotic factors influence the organismal (behaviour, survival and reproduction) and population (abundance and distribution) ecology of freshwater fishes. Recently, it has become clear that to fully understand how temperature influences the ecology of freshwater fishes (and any other organism) it is necessary to investigate their responses to variability in ambient temperature. Therefore, over the next five years, my objective is to characterize the spatio-temporal variability in temperature of freshwater environments and determine the ecological responses of freshwater fishes to that variability. To address this short-term objective, I propose four projects that will focus on the Fraser River watershed (British Columbia) and will use adult salmonids (sockeye salmon, bull trout and rainbow trout) as model species. Project 1 will use historical water temperature data (collected since 1950) and spectral analyses to quantify spatio-temporal variability in water temperature in the Fraser River watershed and assess the potential consequences of changes in variability patterns for adult migrating sockeye salmon. Project 2 will use the historical water temperature data and existing radio-telemetry data on adult migrating sockeye salmon (~3,250 fish since 2002) to test the hypothesis that variable thermal conditions encountered during migration have a greater impact on survival of individuals from populations that exhibit narrow curves of cardiorespiratory capacity by temperature. Project 3 will use field and laboratory experiments on sockeye salmon to test the hypothesis that how effectively an individual thermoregulates depends on its internal state (e.g. reproductive maturation, pathogen load, available somatic energy). The project will also test the hypothesis that effective thermoregulation enhances reproductive success. Project 4 will use field and laboratory experiments on bull trout and rainbow trout to investigate the relationship between water temperature and activity and test the hypothesis that the energetic costs of behavioural thermoregulation are minimized in more heterogeneous thermal habitats. These projects will improve our knowledge on and predictive capacity of the responses of freshwater fishes to temperature and will inform their management and conservation in a warming and more thermally variable world. The projects will also train a new generation of HQP (5 UG, 3 MSc, 1 PhD) and equip them with the knowledge and skills needed to further advance research and conservation of freshwater fishes in Canada.