Towards Achieving Zero Emissions through the use of an Environmentally Benign Non-Regenerable Solvent to Capture CO2 from Large Point Source Emitters for Direct Permanent Storage in Geological Formation or Usage in Accelerated Curing of Ready-mix Con

碳捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)是最成熟、最具优势的技术，可以通过减少温室气体排放来减缓人为气候变化。它是可以解决从各种大型点源排放器(如化石燃料公用事业、钢铁工业、水泥工业、天然气加工、炼油厂、生物质/天然气联合燃烧等)中消除二氧化碳的锚定技术。尽管在从公用事业、重整油和天然气中捕获二氧化碳方面已经做了大量工作，但针对其他大型点源排放器的二氧化碳捕获过程的实际工作还很少，这些排放器的废气可能含有不同的成分和浓度。在典型的基于溶剂的二氧化碳捕获过程中，溶剂中的二氧化碳在吸收塔中发生吸收。从溶剂中释放出的二氧化碳发生在解吸器中，在那里热能被用来从溶剂中沸腾出二氧化碳。整个过程可能既是资本密集型的，也是能源密集型的。解吸过程约占运行成本的80%。如果将二氧化碳捕集工艺应用于处理所有大型点源排放源，与解吸相关的工业成本将是不可持续的。此外，如果按照目前的做法，从这些行业捕获的二氧化碳被用于提高石油采收率和/或制造合成燃料，那么二氧化碳减排将无法实现，因为二氧化碳最终将重新引入环境，从而抵消二氧化碳减排的目的。另一方面，目前在地质地层中直接存储的成本非常高。所有这些都构成了CCUS广泛商业应用的主要障碍。这项研究的总体目标是开发一种不需要溶剂再生的创新二氧化碳捕获技术。取而代之的是，这种环境友好的富含二氧化碳的溶剂将被用于地质构造中的永久储存或预拌混凝土的加速养护。目标是：1开发环境友好的溶剂，有效地从任何大型工业排放者中捕获二氧化碳。2开发一种高效的碱非均相吸收催化剂，以促进二氧化碳的捕集。3开发一种消除解吸塔及其所有辅助部件的工艺。4开发富含二氧化碳的溶剂直接储存在地质构造中或加速养护预拌混凝土的工艺。好处是：1彻底消除了CCUS的所有壁垒。2在混凝土或地质地层中储存二氧化碳的高效和具成本效益的方法3大大降低了二氧化碳捕获成本，从而使其对所有大型点源排放者来说都是可行和有吸引力的。4混凝土性能的提高。5捕获的二氧化碳永久埋藏在实现全球净零二氧化碳排放的混凝土或地质构造中。6改进了二氧化碳捕获的业务案例，并广泛适用于任何工业废气流。

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is the most mature and predominant technology that can abate anthropogenic climate change through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It stands as the anchor technology that can address the removal of CO2 from a wide variety of large point-source emitters such as fossil fuel utilities, iron and steel industry, cement industry, natural gas processing, refineries, biomass/gas co-firing, etc. Although extensive work has been done in the capture of CO2 from utilities, reformate and natural gas, practical work is scant on a CO2 capture process for other large point source emitters whose exhaust gases may contain different components and concentrations. In a typical solvent based CO2 capture process, absorption of CO2 in the solvent occurs in the absorber. The release of CO2 from the solvent occurs in the desorber where heat energy is used to boil off the CO2 from the solvent. The entire process can be both very capital and energy intensive. The desorption process constitutes about 80% of the operating costs. If CO2 capture process is applied to treat all large point-source emitters, the cost to industry related to desorption will not be sustainable. Also, if the CO2 captured from these industries is used for enhanced oil recovery and/or manufacture of synthetic fuels as currently practiced, then CO2 abatement will not be achievable because CO2 will eventually be reintroduced back to the environment thereby negating the purpose of CO2 emissions abatement. On the other hand, direct storage in geological formation is presently extremely expensive. All these constitute major barriers to the widespread commercial application of CCUS. The overall goal of the research is to develop an innovative CO2 capture technology that will not require solvent regeneration. Instead, the environmentally benign CO2-rich solvent will be used as is for permanent storage in geological formations or accelerated curing of ready-mix concrete. The objectives are to: 1 Develop environmentally benign solvents for effective capture of CO2 from any large industrial emitter. 2 Develop an effective alkaline heterogeneous absorption catalyst to facilitate CO2 capture. 3 Develop a process that eliminates the desorber column and all its auxiliary parts. 4 Develop processes for CO2-rich solvent direct storage in geological formations or accelerated curing of ready-mix concrete. The benefits are: 1 Complete elimination of all the CCUS barriers. 2 Efficient and cost effective processes for storing CO2 in concrete or geological formations 3 Tremendous reduction in CO2 capture costs thereby making it feasible and attractive for all large point source emitters. 4 Enhancement of concrete properties. 5 Captured CO2 is permanently buried in concrete or geological formations which achieve the global net zero CO2 emissions. 6 Improvement of the business case for CO2 capture and wide applicability in any industrial exhaust gas stream.