Advancing Urban Stormwater Modelling and Management

加拿大每年冬天在道路和停车场使用超过50亿公斤的道路盐，用于冬季道路维护和除冰行动。我们的研究小组敏锐地调查并发表了关于城市河流水质对水生生物不利影响的严重性以及我们宝贵的饮用水水源令人震惊的快速退化[1]-[8]。许多市政当局提出了新的倡议，以解决公众对从可持续水管理的角度妥善管理我们城市道路盐的不利影响的日益增长的兴趣。这项为期五年的研究计划将综合运用理论、实验室实验、现场试验、基于物理的数值模型以及新的机器学习技术，以推动创新方法的开发，以更准确地划定城市雨水污染源，并更好地保护源水免受进一步退化的道路盐类的去向和运输特性，并将开发新的创新技术/解决方案，以改善受损水域的质量。这项研究计划的短期目标将包括：(1)开发具有用户友好界面的新型模型，道路当局和市政当局可以使用这些模型来明智地规定在特定冬季风暴期间在正确的时间(S)在道路和停车场使用适量的道路盐(S)；(2)推进新一代路边沟渠的设计，以保护环境敏感地区的首次冲刷径流收集和处理系统；(3)在雨水管理湿池塘中开发更准确的道路盐致密度驱动分层和三维混合模型，以及关于城市溪流中氯离子浓度-持续时间统计数据，特别是在保护敏感水生生物的关键春季产卵期；(4)研究控制城市溪流栖息地水生生物适宜性的关键自然和人为因素(例如氯离子浓度-持续时间统计数据)之间复杂的非线性相互关系；以及(5)地表水中道路盐分在流经路边沟渠和漏水的雨水管网时的运输机制的科学知识的进步，污染了我们宝贵的饮用水水源和城市溪流。

Canada uses more than five Billion kilograms of road salt every winter on roads and parking lots for winter road maintenance and de-icing operations. Our research team has keenly investigated and published on the severity of the adverse water quality effects on aquatic life in urban streams and the alarming rapid rate of degradation of our invaluable drinking water sources [1] - [8]. Many municipalities have introduced new initiatives to address the growing public interest for properly managing the adverse effects of road salts in our cities from a sustainable water management perspective. This five-year research program will apply a combination of theoretical, laboratory experiments, field-scale pilot tests, physically-based numerical models as well as novel machine learning techniques to advance the development of innovative methods for more accurate urban stormwater contaminant source delineation and on the fate and transport characterization of road salts for better protection of source waters from further degradation and will develop new and innovative techniques/solutions for improvement of the quality of impaired waters. The short-term goals of this research program, will include: (1) development of novel models with users-friendly interfaces that can be used by road authorities and municipalities to judiciously prescribe the right amount(s) of road salt to be applied at the right time(s) on roadways and parking lots during a given winter storm event; (2) advancement of the design of a new generation of roadside ditch first-flush runoff capture and treatment systems for protection of the environmentally sensitive areas; (3) development of more accurate modelling of the road salt-induced density-driven stratification and 3D mixing in stormwater management wet ponds and on the chloride concentration-duration statistics in the receiving urban streams, particularly during the critical Spring spawning period for protection of the sensitive aquatic life; (4) investigation of the complex nonlinear inter-relationships among the key natural and anthropogenic factors (e.g. chloride concentration-duration statistics) that govern urban stream habitat suitability for aquatic life; and (5) advancement of the scientific knowledge on the transport mechanisms of road salt in surface water as it travels through roadside ditches and leaky storm sewer networks, polluting both our precious drinking water sources and urban streams.